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. 2020 Jan 15;12(1):224.
doi: 10.3390/nu12010224.

Chemical Profile, Antioxidative, and Gut Microbiota Modulatory Properties of Ganpu Tea: A Derivative of Pu-erh Tea

Yuying Zheng  1 , Xuan Zeng  1 , Tingting Chen  1 , Wei Peng  1 , Weiwei Su  1
Affiliations

Chemical Profile, Antioxidative, and Gut Microbiota Modulatory Properties of Ganpu Tea: A Derivative of Pu-erh Tea

Yuying Zheng et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Ganpu tea is an emerging tea drink produced from Pu-erh tea and the pericarp of Citrus reticulate Chachi (GCP). Recently, it has been increasingly favored by consumers due to the potential health effects and special taste. However, information concerning its chemical profile and biological activities is scarce. In this work, a total of 92 constituents were identified in hot-water extracts of Ganpu tea with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Moreover, the antioxidative and gut microbiota modulatory properties of Ganpu tea were investigated in rats after long-term dietary consumption. Ganpu tea and GCP could significantly enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 13.4% (p < 0.05) and 15.1% (p < 0.01), as well as the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by 16.3% (p < 0.01) and 20.5% (p < 0.01), respectively. Both showed better antioxidant capacities than Pu-erh tea. Ganpu tea increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus, suggesting the potential of Ganpu tea in modulating the gut microbiota to benefit human health. The obtained results provide essential information for further investigation of Ganpu tea.

Keywords: Ganpu tea; antioxidant activity; chemical profile; gut microbiota modulatory.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Manufacturing process of Ganpu tea.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The basic peak chromatograms of Ganpu tea extract (GTE) in positive (a) and negative (b) ion modes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proposed fragmentation scheme of deprotonated gallocatechin.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of oral administration of GTE, PTE, and GCPE on the antioxidant functions in rats (n = 10, compare with the control group * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). (a) Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum; (b) malondialdehyde (MDA) content in serum; (c) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in serum.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The diversity index, including ACE (a), Chao1 (b), Shannon (c) and Simpson index (d), of gut microbiota in rats in different groups (n = 10).
Figure 6
Figure 6
PCoA plots of microbial communities were based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) composition, each treatment group is represented by a different color (n = 10).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Differences in the gut microbiota between groups using linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis at the genus level (n = 10). For taxa, which were defined as unclassified, no rank, ncultured, or Incertae-Sedis, the name of a higher taxon level was added before its taxon abbreviation (p, phylum; c, class; o, order; f, family; g, genus; s, species).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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