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. 2020 Mar:124:104261.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104261. Epub 2020 Jan 9.

Human parainfluenza virus circulation, United States, 2011-2019

Nicholas P DeGroote  1 , Amber K Haynes  2 , Calli Taylor  3 , Marie E Killerby  1 , Rebecca M Dahl  4 , Desiree Mustaquim  3 , Susan I Gerber  1 , John T Watson  1
Affiliations

Human parainfluenza virus circulation, United States, 2011-2019

Nicholas P DeGroote et al. J Clin Virol. 2020 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) cause upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses, most frequently among infants and young children, but also in the elderly. While seasonal patterns of HPIV types 1-3 have been described, less is known about national patterns of HPIV-4 circulation.

Objectives: To describe patterns of HPIVs circulation in the United States (US).

Study design: We used data from the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS), a voluntary passive laboratory-based surveillance system, to characterize the epidemiology and circulation patterns of HPIVs in the US during 2011-2019. We summarized the number of weekly aggregated HPIV detections nationally and by US census region, and used a subset of data submitted to NREVSS from public health laboratories and several clinical laboratories during 2015-2019 to analyze differences in patient demographics.

Results: During July 2011 - June 2019, 2,700,135 HPIV tests were reported; 122,852 (5 %) were positive for any HPIV including 22,446 for HPIV-1 (18 %), 17,474 for HPIV-2 (14 %), 67,649 for HPIV-3 (55 %), and 15,283 for HPIV-4 (13 %). HPIV testing increased substantially each year. The majority of detections occurred in children aged ≤ 2 years (36 %) with fluctuations in the distribution of age by type.

Conclusions: HPIVs were detected year-round during 2011-2019, with type-specific year-to-year variations in circulation patterns. Among HPIV detections where age was known, the majority were aged ≤ 2 years. HPIV-4 exhibited an annual fall-winter seasonality, both nationally and regionally. Continued surveillance is needed to better understand national patterns of HPIV circulation.

Keywords: PIV circulation; Parainfluenza virus; Respiratory virus surveillance.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV) Circulation, National Enteric and Respiratory Virus Surveillance System, United States, 2011–2019.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV) Circulation, National Enteric and Respiratory Virus Surveillance System, United States Census Regions, 2011–2019.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Age Distribution of Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs) Reported through the Public Health Laboratory Interoperability Project, 2015–2019.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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