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. 2020 Jan 10;6(1):e03105.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03105. eCollection 2020 Jan.

Managing Vibrio cholerae with a local beverage: preparation of an affordable ethanol based hand sanitizer

Christina Osei-Asare  1 , Esther Eshun Oppong  1 , John Antwi Apenteng  1 , Ofosua Adi-Dako  2 , Doris Kumadoh  2 , Ansah Acheampomaah Akosua  3 , Kwasi Adomako Ohemeng  3
Affiliations

Managing Vibrio cholerae with a local beverage: preparation of an affordable ethanol based hand sanitizer

Christina Osei-Asare et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Research indicates an increased use of hand sanitizers globally, and in particular developing countries where bacterial epidemics such as cholera are common. While there is evidence of availability, high demand and use of hand sanitizers, the incidence of cholera in developing countries remains unabated. Several reasons have been put forward, and cost of hand sanitizers remains dominant. It is in response to this contradictory situation of availability but limited access, that this study was conducted to present an alternative option of formulating a high quality and cost effective ethanol-based sanitizer from a Ghanaian local beverage (akpeteshie). The concentration of ethanol in akpeteshie was determined using gas chromatography. An Ethanol based hand sanitizer (Sample C) was formulated with akpeteshie and tested against Vibrio cholerae using the microbial time -kill kinetics assay. Commercially available ethanol based Equi-Clean hand sanitizer (62%) (Sample D) was used as the standard. Results show that the akpeteshie contained 73.08% ethanol and formulated product (Sample C) contained 63.70% ethanol. Viscosity and pH of Sample C were; 89 rpm (1.48 cps) and 7.30 respectively whiles that of Sample D were; 80 rpm (1.33 cps) and 7.50 respectively. The formulated product (Sample C) was effective against Vibrio cholerae with a gradual reduction in microbial count upon exposure to the organisms at time intervals of 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min.

Keywords: Akpeteshie; Analytical chemistry; Ethanol based hand sanitiser (EBHS); Gas chromatography; Ghana; Local gin; Natural product; Natural product chemistry; Pharmaceutical chemistry; Public health; Time-kill test; Vibrio cholerae.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
8Snapshot showing alcohol flammability test for Akpeteshie (ethanolic concentration of 63.70 % v/v).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Represents the retention time for Sample A (Standard Ethanol 99.99%).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Represents the retention time for Sample B (Akpeteshie, local gin).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Represents the retention time for a mixture of Sample A (3% v/v) and Sample B (3% v/v).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Calibration curve of standard ethanol (99.99% v/v).
Figure 6
Figure 6
A Graph of Averaged AUC versus varying percentage concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25) of Standard Ethanol.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Log CFU/mL of Vibrio cholerae against exposure time (min) of samples C and D.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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