Use of Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System for Human Monkeypox Outbreak, Nigeria, 2017-2019

Abstract

In November 2017, the mobile digital Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System was deployed in 30 districts in Nigeria in response to an outbreak of monkeypox. Adaptation and activation of the system took 14 days, and its use improved timeliness, completeness, and overall capacity of the response.

Keywords: Africa; Nigeria; SORMAS; Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System; contact tracing; digital health; mHealth; mobile health; monkeypox virus; outbreak detection; surveillance; viruses.

Figure 1

SORMAS dashboard showing monkeypox cases notified September 2017–July 2019 in Nigeria. The map shows the spatial spread of cases with local government area color by incidence proportion/100,000 population. The incidence proportion ranges from 0.1 (quartiles 0.3–0.7) to 8.1. During 2017, the number of cases by epidemic week increases gradually from week 32 to week 39, sharply increases in week 40, and gradually declines until week 53. Exportation of graphs, tables, and other epidemic indicators was generated in the statistic module of SORMAS. SORMAS, Surveillance Outbreak Response Management and Analysis System.

Figure 2

Network diagram for monkeypox cases and contact persons in Nigeria notified November 2017–July 2019. The nodes are labeled with unique identifiers for each person and colored by their classification status. Among case-patients, >1 contact person was reported for 57 (24%). The average number of contact persons/case-patient was 3 (quartiles 1–4, range 1–23). Arrows show the possible direction of infection transmission.