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Review
. 2020 Jan 18;17(2):615.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph17020615.

Travel-Related Typhoid Fever: Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

Narcisa Muresu  1 , Giovanni Sotgiu  2 , Bianca Maria Are  3 , Andrea Cossu  2 , Clementina Cocuzza  4 , Marianna Martinelli  4 , Sergio Babudieri  5 , Riccardo Are  5 , Marco Dettori  2 , Antonio Azara  2 , Laura Saderi  2 , Andrea Piana  2
Affiliations
Review

Travel-Related Typhoid Fever: Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

Narcisa Muresu et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Enteric fever is a foodborne infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. The high incidence in low income countries can increase the risk of disease in travelers coming from high income countries. Pre-travel health advice on hygiene and sanitation practices and vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of acquiring infections. Although the majority of the cases are self-limiting, life-threatening complications can occur. Delayed diagnosis and cases of infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains can complicate the clinical management and affect the prognosis. More international efforts are needed to reduce the burden of disease in low income countries, indirectly reducing the risk of travelers in endemic settings. Surveillance activities can help monitor the epidemiology of cases caused by drug-susceptible and resistant strains.

Keywords: salmonella enterica; travelers; typhoid and paratyphoid fever.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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