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. 2020 Jan 18;25(2):409.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25020409.

Antioxidant and Compositional HPLC Analysis of Three Common Bamboo Leaves

Ning-Hui Ma  1 , Jing Guo  1 , Si-Han Xu Chen  1 , Xiu-Rong Yuan  2 , Tong Zhang  3 , Yue Ding  1
Affiliations

Antioxidant and Compositional HPLC Analysis of Three Common Bamboo Leaves

Ning-Hui Ma et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Bamboo leaves of Phyllostachys nigra (PN), Lophatherum gracile (LG), and Pleioblastus amarus (PA) are three common herbs in China. In this work, a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of seven compounds in bamboo leaves has been developed; and PN, LG, and PA leaves were analyzed. PN showed four times as much chlorogenic acid (CA) than the other two, and contained the most isoorientin (iso-ORI) and isovitexin (iso-VIT) as well. The PA presented the most orientin (ORI) and LG covered a majority of cynaroside (CYN). We measured the antioxidant activity by scavenging the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyridinohydrazinyl (DPPH) free radicals, and found that Luteolin (inhibitory concentration (IC)50 = 0.42 µM, LUT) and CYN (IC50 = 0.43 µM) showed 2-3 times higher antioxidant activity than iso-ORI (IC50 = 0.81 µM), ORI (IC50 = 0.84 µM), and other related antioxidant standards such as trolox (IC50 = 0.97 µM) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0.93 µM, VC). Among extracts, PN and PA showed considerable antioxidant activity, which was related well with the contents of CA, iso-ORI, and iso-VIT (p < 0.05). This study firstly provides evidence for functional antioxidant compounds of bamboo leaves based on statistical analysis of the HPLC analysis and DPPH assay, and it lays a foundation for its further development or utilization.

Keywords: Lophatherum gracile; Phyllostachys nigra; Pleioblastus amarus; antioxidant activity; content.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
HPLC chromatograms of sample solution and standards. Lophatherum gracile (LG, No. 2) leaf-extracts (A), Pleioblastus amarus (PA, No. 8) leaf-extracts (B), Phyllostachys nigra (PN, No. 21) leaf-extracts (C), and seven mixed reference standards (a, b, c, d, e, f, g) (D).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The average relative abundance of compounds in leaves of Lophatherum gracile (LG) (A), Pleioblastus amarus (PA) (B), and Phyllostachys nigra (PN) (C), as well as the comparison of the content of the three specimens (D). CA, chlorogenic acid; iso-ORI, isoorientin; VIT, vitexin; CYN, Cynaroside; LUT, Luteolin; API, Apigenin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) result of 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyridinohydrazinyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of bamboo leaves from PN, PA, and LG. * means the activity of LG was significantly different from that of PN (p < 0.05). # means the activity of LG was significantly different from that of PA (p < 0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The correlation between observed and expected antioxidant IC50 values on LG (A), PN (B), and PA (C). Antioxidant activities were expressed as a dose required for half the DPPH free radical.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structures of the seven characteristic compounds.
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