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. 2020 Jan 21;10(1):865.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57692-6.

Enzyme activities during Benzo[a]pyrene degradation by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from a polluted soil

Huimin Cao  1 , Cuiping Wang  2 , Haibin Liu  1 , Weili Jia  1 , Hongwen Sun  3
Affiliations

Enzyme activities during Benzo[a]pyrene degradation by the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from a polluted soil

Huimin Cao et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The enzyme activities of the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae (L. theobromae) were studied during degradation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The L. theobromae was isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil collected from the Beijing Coking Plant in China and can potentially use BaP as its sole carbon source with a degradation ratio of up to 53% over 10 days. The activities of lignin peroxidase (LiP) and laccase (LAC) could be detected during BaP biodegradation; while manganese peroxidase (MnP) was not detected. Both glucose and salicylic acid enhanced BaP biodegradation slightly. In contrast, the coexistence of phenanthrene (PHE) inhibited BaP degradation. These metabolic substrates all enhanced the secretion of LiP and LAC. The addition of Tween 80 (TW-80) enhanced BaP biodegradation as well as the LiP and LAC activities. At the same time, TW-80 was degraded by the L. theobromae. In addition, the L. theobromae was compared to Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium), which is a widely studied fungus for degrading PAH. P. chrysosporium was unable to use BaP as its sole carbon source. The activities of LiP and LAC produced by the P. chrysosporium were less than those of the L. theobromae. Additionally, the four intermediates formed in the BaP biodegradation process were monitored using GC-MS analysis. Four metabolite concentrations first increased and then decreased or obtained the platform with prolonged BaP biodegradation time. Therefore, this study shows that the L. theobromae may be explored as a new strain for removing PAHs from the environment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Morphological characterization of L. theobromae.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kinetics of BaP degradation by the L. theobromae in MSM and enzyme activities during BaP biodegradation (a) and the effect of methanol on dry weight of L L. theobromae (b). Bars represent the standard errors for replicates (n = 3).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of metabolic substrates on the BaP degradation and enzyme activities of the L. theobromae, including (a) BaP biodegradation; (b) LiP activity, and (c) LAC activity. Bars represent the standard errors for replicates (n = 3).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of TW-80 on BaP degradation (a,b) effect of TW-80 on the LiP and LAC activities of the L. theobromae during BaP degradation. (Note: ∇ represents TW-80 degradation, ▲ represents TW-80 degradation in the coexistence system of TW-80 and BaP, ○ represents BaP degradation, ● represents BaP degradation in the coexistence system of TW-80 and BaP.) Bars represent the standard errors for replicates (n = 3).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Kinetics of BaP degradation and the enzyme activities of P. chrysosporium in MSM (a) and MSM with the addition of salicylic acid (b). Bars represent the standard errors for replicates (n = 3).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Production of unidentified compounds formed during 10 mg/L of benzo[a]pyrene by L.theobromae in MSM culture.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Time course of compounds formed during 10 mg/L of benzo[a]pyrene degradation by L.theobromae in MSM culture.
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