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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2021 Mar;94(1):81-100.
doi: 10.1111/papt.12268. Epub 2020 Jan 22.

A randomized controlled trial examining the impact of individual trauma-focused therapy for individuals receiving group treatment for depression

Sarah Dominguez  1   2 , Peter Drummond  1 , Bethanie Gouldthorp  1   2 , Diana Janson  1   2 , Christopher William Lee  1   3
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

A randomized controlled trial examining the impact of individual trauma-focused therapy for individuals receiving group treatment for depression

Sarah Dominguez et al. Psychol Psychother. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Objectives: Adverse life events are associated with increased likelihood of depression and poorer prognosis. Trauma-focused treatments (TFT) appear to be effective in decreasing comorbid depressive symptoms. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a TFT on the memories of aversive events for individuals with a primary diagnosis of depression.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 49 participants recruited from a 10-day outpatient group programme. All participants showed symptoms of depression with a subgroup (80%) meeting the DSM-5 criteria for a major depressive episode. Participants received treatment as usual (TAU); three additional individual trauma-focused sessions; or three additional individual assertiveness training sessions. Participants were assessed with regards to depression diagnosis and related symptoms.

Results: For participants with a major depressive episode, the addition of trauma-focused sessions significantly increased the likelihood of remission when compared to TAU, or additional assertiveness training. While no significant treatment difference was noted in depressive symptom change post-treatment, six weeks after treatment those who received an adjunct treatment were more likely to maintain treatment gains than those who received TAU. Furthermore, at 12-week follow-up, participants who received a TFT reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms than those who received assertiveness training.

Conclusions: While differences in outcomes were minimal immediately post-treatment, differences among treatment groups increased over time. Thus, as few as three additional TFT sessions may impact positively on symptom change for people completing a group programme for the treatment of depression.

Practitioner points: Depression is the greatest cause of disability worldwide. Adverse experiences are linked with an increased likelihood of depression, more severe symptoms and poor treatment outcomes following evidence-based interventions. As few as three trauma-focused sessions can improve treatment outcomes in terms of depression diagnosis and related symptoms for individuals receiving group cognitive behavioural therapy.

Keywords: adjunct therapy; assertiveness training; cognitive behavioural therapy; depression; eye movement desensitization reprocessing; randomized controlled trial; trauma-focused treatment.

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