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. 2020 Dec;34(8):852-863.
doi: 10.1037/adb0000551. Epub 2020 Jan 23.

The intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting, substance use, and emotional distress: Impact on the third-generation child

Tricia K Neppl  1 , Olivia N Diggs  1 , Michael J Cleveland  2
Affiliations

The intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting, substance use, and emotional distress: Impact on the third-generation child

Tricia K Neppl et al. Psychol Addict Behav. 2020 Dec.

Abstract

The current study evaluated the intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting, substance use, and emotional distress across generations and the association with child aggression. The study included 218 Generation 1 (G1) mothers and fathers, their adolescent (Generation 2; G2) who participated from middle adolescence through adulthood, and the 3rd-generation (G3) child between ages 3-5 years and 6-10 years. G1 behavior was examined when G2 was 16 and 18 years old; G2 alcohol problems and marijuana use were assessed when G2 was 19 and 21 years old. G2 emotional distress and harsh parenting were examined when the G3 child was between 3 and 5 years old. Finally, G3 aggression was assessed between 6 and 10 years old. Results showed continuity of G1 behavior when G2 was in adolescence to G2 behavior in adulthood. G1 alcohol problems and G1 harsh parenting were both associated with G3 aggression through G2 alcohol problems, G2 emotional distress, and G2 harsh parenting. Results suggest that G1 problem behavior as experienced by G2 adolescents in the family of origin plays an important role in G2 alcohol problems in emerging adulthood, which leads to G2 emotional distress and G2 harsh parenting in adulthood, which is related to G3 aggression in the early elementary school years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Conceptual Model Notes. G1 = Generation 1; G2 = Generation 2; G3 = Generation 3.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Statistical Model *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 Notes. Model fit χ2 = 317.53 (233), p < .001, CFI = .963, RMSEA = .041. G1 = Generation 1; G2 = Generation 2; G3 = Generation 3. Standardized significant pathways shown in the model. This model includes the control variables of original family structure, G1 family per capita income, adolescent alcohol use at age 16, G1 mother age, G1 father age, G2 marital status and age at time 4, G2 gender, G3 gender, and age at times 4 and 5.
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