Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Jan 17;1(1):CD011919.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011919.pub2.

Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Maya M Jeyaraman  1 , Nameer S H Al-Yousif  1 , Amrinder Singh Mann  1 , Vernon W Dolinsky  2 , Rasheda Rabbani  3 , Ryan Zarychanski  1 , Ahmed M Abou-Setta  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Maya M Jeyaraman et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder that is characterised by insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, which over time may give rise to vascular complications. Resveratrol is a plant-derived nutritional supplement shown to have anti-diabetic properties in many animal models. Less evidence is available on its safety and efficacy in the management of T2DM in humans.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of resveratrol formulations for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, as well as the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov. The date of the last search was December 2018 for all databases. No language restrictions were applied.

Selection criteria: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing effects of oral resveratrol (any dose or formulation, duration, or frequency of administration) with placebo, no treatment, other anti-diabetic medications, or diet or exercise, in adults with a diagnosis of T2DM.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently identified and included RCTs, assessed risk of bias, and extracted study-level data. Study authors were contacted for any missing information or for clarification of reported data. We assessed studies for certainty of the evidence using the GRADE instrument.

Main results: We identified three RCTs with a total of 50 participants. Oral resveratrol not combined with other plant polyphenols was administered at 10 mg, 150 mg, or 1000 mg daily for a period ranging from four weeks to five weeks. The comparator intervention was placebo. Overall, all three included studies had low risk of bias. None of the three included studies reported long-term, patient-relevant outcomes such as all-cause mortality, diabetes-related complications, diabetes-related mortality, health-related quality of life, or socioeconomic effects. All three included studies reported that no adverse events were observed, indicating that no deaths occurred (very low-quality evidence for adverse events, all-cause mortality, and diabetes-related mortality). Resveratrol versus placebo showed neutral effects for glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (mean difference (MD) 0.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.02 to 0.2; P = 0.09; 2 studies; 31 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Due to the short follow-up period, HbA1c results have to be interpreted cautiously. Similarly, resveratrol versus placebo showed neutral effects for fasting blood glucose levels (MD 2 mg/dL, 95% CI -2 to 7; P = 0.29; 2 studies; 31 participants), and resveratrol versus placebo showed neutral effects for insulin resistance (MD -0.35, 95% CI -0.99 to 0.28; P = 0.27; 2 studies; 36 participants). We found eight ongoing RCTs with approximately 800 participants and two studies awaiting assessment, which, when published, could contribute to the findings of this review.

Authors' conclusions: Currently, research is insufficient for review authors to evaluate the safety and efficacy of resveratrol supplementation for treatment of adults with T2DM. The limited available research does not provide sufficient evidence to support any effect, beneficial or adverse, of four to five weeks of 10 mg to 1000 mg of resveratrol in adults with T2DM. Adequately powered RCTs reporting patient-relevant outcomes with long-term follow-up periods are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of resveratrol supplementation in the treatment of T2DM.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

MJ: none known.

AM: none known.

NA: none known.

RR: none known.

VD: none known.

AA: none known.

RZ: Ryan Zarychanski receives salary support from the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR). This agency will have no role in the design or conduct of the review, including but not limited to study identification, collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data, or preparation, review, or approval of the final report.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies (blank cells indicate that the particular outcome was not measured in some studies).
3
3
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study (blank cells indicate that the study did not measure that particular outcome).
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Resveratrol versus placebo, Outcome 1 HbA1c [%].
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Resveratrol versus placebo, Outcome 2 FBG [mg/dL].
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Resveratrol versus placebo, Outcome 3 Insulin sensitivity (measured by HOMA‐IR).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

  • doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011919

References

References to studies included in this review

Brasnyó 2011 {published data only}
    1. Brasnyó P, Molnár GA, Mohás M, Markó L, Laczy B, Cseh J, et al. Effect of resveratrol on insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress and Akt pathway in humans. Diabetologia 2010;53:S301.
    1. Brasnyó P, Molnár GA, Mohás M, Markó L, Laczy B, Cseh J, et al. Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients. British Journal of Nutrition 2011;106:383‐9. - PubMed
Thazhath 2016 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12613000717752. The effect of resveratrol supplementation on gut hormone secretion, gastric emptying, and blood glucose responses to meals in patients with type 2 diabetes. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=364511 (first received 1 June 2013).
    1. Thazhath SS, Wu T, Bound MJ, Checklin HL, Standfield S, Jones KL, et al. Administration of resveratrol for 5 weeks has no effect on glucagon‐like peptide 1 secretion, gastric emptying, or glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016; Vol. 103:66‐70. - PubMed
Timmers 2016 {published data only}
    1. NCT01638780. Resveratrol and type 2 diabetes. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01638780 (first received 12 July 2012).
    1. Timmers S, Ligt M, Phielix E, Weijer T, Hansen J, Moonen‐Kornips E, et al. Resveratrol as add‐on therapy in subjects with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2016;39(12):2211‐7. - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Bashmakov 2014 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12610000565044. Pilot clinical trial for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers with dietary nano‐formulated phytochemicals. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=335696 (first received 09 July 2010).
    1. Bashmakov YK, Assaad‐Khalil SH, Abou Seif M, Udumyan R, Megallaa M, Rohoma KH, et al. Resveratrol promotes foot ulcer size reduction in type 2 diabetes patients. ISRN Endocrinology 2014;2014:1‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Bhatt 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bhatt JK, Nanjan MJ. Resveratrol supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a prospective, open label, randomized controlled trial. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 2013;4(8):245‐9.
    1. Bhatt JK, Thomas S, Nanjan MJ. Resveratrol supplementation improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) 2012;32(7):537‐41. - PubMed
    1. CTRI/2011/05/001731. Evaluation of resveratrol as a dietary supplement in type 2 diabetes mellitus. www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=2998&EncHid=... (first received 16 April 2010).
Bo 2018 {published data only}
    1. Bo S, Gambino R, Ponzo V, Cioffi I, Goitre I, Evangelista A, et al. Effects of resveratrol on bone health in type 2 diabetic patients. a double‐blind randomized‐controlled trial. Nutrition and Diabetes 2018;8(1):51. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bo S, Ponzo V, Ciccone G, Evangelista A, Saba F, Goitre I, et al. Six months of resveratrol supplementation has no measurable effect in type 2 diabetic patients. a randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Pharmacological Research 2016;111:896‐905. - PubMed
    1. Bo S, Ponzo V, Evangelista A, Ciccone G, Goitre I, Saba F, et al. Effects of 6 months of resveratrol versus placebo on pentraxin 3 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double‐blind randomized controlled trial. Acta Diabetologica 2017;54(5):499‐507. - PubMed
    1. Bo S, Togliatto G, Gambino R, Ponzo V, Lombardo G, Rosato R, et al. Impact of sirtuin‐1 expression on H3K56 acetylation and oxidative stress: a double‐blind randomized controlled trial with resveratrol supplementation. Acta diabetologica 2018;55(4):331‐40. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT02244879. Effects of resveratrol on inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02244879 (first received 19 September 2014).
Elliott 2009 {published data only}
    1. Elliott PJ, Walpole SM, Morelli L, Lambert PD, Lunsmann W, Westphal CH, et al. Resveratrol/SRT501. Sirtuin SIRT1 activator treatment of type 2 diabetes. Drugs of the Future 2009;34:291‐5.
Fujitaka 2011 {published data only}
    1. Fujitaka K, Otani H, Jo F, Jo H, Nomura E, Iwasaki M, et al. Modified resveratrol longevinex improves endothelial function in adults with metabolic syndrome receiving standard treatment. Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) 2011;31:842‐7. - PubMed
Goh 2014 {published data only}
    1. Goh KP, Lee HY, Lau DP, Supaat W, Chan YH, Koh AF. Effects of resveratrol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle SIRT1 expression and energy expenditure. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 2014;24:2‐13. - PubMed
    1. NCT01677611. Effects of resveratrol in patients with type 2 diabetes (RED). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01677611 (first received 3 September 2012).
Imamura 2017 {published data only}
    1. Imamura H, Yamaguchi T, Nagayama D, Saiki A, Shirai K, Tatsuno I. Resveratrol ameliorates arterial stiffness assessed by cardio‐ankle vascular index in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Heart Journal 2017;58(4):577‐83. - PubMed
Javid 2017 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2015012420765N1. Impact of resveratrol supplementation on periodontal indices, antioxidant status, inflammatory markers and blood sugar in periodontal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. en.irct.ir/trial/18354 (first received 29 March 2015).
    1. Javid AZ, Hormoznejad R, Yousefimanesh HA, Zakerkish M, Haghighi‐Zadeh MH, Dehghan P, et al. The impact of resveratrol supplementation on blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, triglyceride, and periodontal markers in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Phytotherapy Research 2017;31(1):108‐14. - PubMed
Khazaei 2014 {published data only}
    1. Khazaei S, Firouzei MS, Afghari P, Khazaei M. Resveratrol may improve osseointegration of dental implants in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2014;19:81. - PMC - PubMed
Khodabandehloo 2018 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2015080223336N2. The effect of resveratrol on plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) inflammatory factors of patients with type 2 diabetes. en.irct.ir/trial/19923 (first received 25 July 2015).
    1. Khodabandehloo H, Seyyedebrahimi S, Esfahani EN, Razi F, Meshkani R. Resveratrol supplementation decreases blood glucose without changing the circulating CD14(+)CD16(+) monocytes and inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) 2018;54:40‐51. - PubMed
Kjaer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kjaer TN, Poulsen MM, Ornstrup MJ, Jorgensen J, Richelsen B, Pedersen SB. The metabolic and anti‐inflammatory effects of long‐term resveratrol intake; a randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia 2014;57:S306‐7.
Mendez‐Del 2014 {published data only}
    1. Mendez‐Del Villar M, Gonzalez‐Ortiz M, Martinez‐Abundis E, Perez‐Rubio KG, Lizarraga‐Valdez R. Effect of resveratrol administration on metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 2014;12:497‐501. - PubMed
Movahed 2014 {published data only}
    1. IRCT201111198129N1. Effect of resveratrol in controlling blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients. en.irct.ir/trial/8549 (first received 19 September 2011).
    1. Movahed A, Nabipour I, Lieben XL, Thandapilly SJ, Yu L, Kalantarhormozi M, et al. Antihyperglycemic effects of short term resveratrol supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients. Evidence‐based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013;2013:1‐8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Movahed A, Nabipour I, Louis XL, Joseph S, Yu L, Netticadan T. Short‐term resveratrol supplementation improves metabolic profile in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 2014;16:A46‐A47.
NCT00937222 {published data only}
    1. NCT00937222. Effects of peanut and peanut butter consumption on blood lipids and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00937222 (first received 10 July 2009).
NCT01038089 {published data only}
    1. NCT01038089. Pilot study of the effects of resveratrol on endothelial function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01038089 (first received 23 December 2009).
NCT01150955 {published data only}
    1. NCT01150955. Potential beneficial effects of resveratrol. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01150955 (first received 25 June 2010).
NCT01375959 {published data only}
    1. NCT01375959. Pilot study of resveratrol in older adults with impaired glucose tolerance. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01375959 (first received 20 June 2011).
NCT01714102 {published data only}
    1. NCT01714102. Resveratrol and the metabolic syndrome. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01714102 (first received 25 October 2012).
NCT01997762 {published data only}
    1. NCT01997762. Can resveratrol improve insulin sensitivity and preserve beta cell function following gestational diabetes?. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01997762 (first received 28 November 2013).
NCT02129595 {published data only}
    1. NCT02129595. Resveratrol and first‐degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02129595 (first received 2 May 2014).
NCT02216552 {published data only}
    1. NCT02216552. Resveratrol for the treatment of non alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in overweight adolescents. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02216552 (first received 15 August 2014).
NCT02219906 {published data only}
    1. NCT02219906. Resveratrol in metabolic syndrome. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02219906 (first received 19 August 2014).
NCT02565979 {published data only}
    1. NCT02565979. Long‐term resveratrol and metabolism. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02565979 (first received 1 October 2015).
Sattarinezhad 2018 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2016100716876N2. Resveratrol's effects in diabetic nephropathy. https://en.irct.ir/trial/15666 (first received 25 November 2016).
    1. NCT02704494. Resveratrol's effects in diabetic nephropathy. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02704494 (first received 10 March 2016).
    1. Sattarinezhad A, Roozbeh J, Yeganeh BS, Omrani GR, Shams M. Resveratrol reduces albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy: a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Diabetes and Metabolism 2018;S1262‐3636(18):30114‐9. - PubMed
Seyyedebrahimi 2018 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2015072523336N1. The effects of resveratrol on plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) oxidative stress factors of type 2 diabetic patients. https://en.irct.ir/trial/19922 (first received 19 August 2015).
    1. Seyyedebrahimi S, Khodabandehloo H, Nasli Esfahani E, Meshkani R. Correction to: the effects of resveratrol on markers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Acta Diabetologica 2018 Jun 16 [Epub ahead of print]. [DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1160-9] - DOI - PubMed
    1. Seyyedebrahimi S, Khodabandehloo H, Nasli Esfahani E, Meshkani R. The effects of resveratrol on markers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Acta Diabetologica 2018;55(4):341‐53. - PubMed
Tomé‐Carneiro 2012 {published data only}
    1. Tomé‐Carneiro J, Gonzálvez M, Larrosa M, Yáñez‐Gascón MJ, García‐Almagro FJ, Ruiz‐Ros JA, et al. One‐year consumption of a grape nutraceutical containing resveratrol improves the inflammatory and fibrinolytic status of patients in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Cardiology 2012;110:356‐63. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

ACTRN12614000891628 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12614000891628. Dose response evaluation of resveratrol supplementation on cerebrovascular function, mood and cognitive performance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=366701 (first received 12 August 2014).
    1. Wong RH, Nealon RS, Scholey A, Howe PR. Low dose resveratrol improves cerebrovascular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases 2016;26(5):393‐9. - PubMed
    1. Wong RH, Raederstorff D, Howe PR. Acute resveratrol consumption improves neurovascular coupling capacity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrients 2016;8(7):425. - PMC - PubMed
Verges 2014 {published data only}
    1. Verges B, Brindisi MC, Bouillet B, Crevisy E, Buffier P, Baillot‐Rudoni S, et al. Is long‐acting resveratrol effective on the residual dyslipidemia in statin‐treated type 2 diabetic patients?. Atherosclerosis 2014;235(2014):e192.

References to ongoing studies

CTRI/2017/04/008384 {published data only}
    1. CTRI/2017/04/008384. A study to check whether addition of resveratrol is beneficial and safe in patients with diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension (who are already on standard therapy). www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=11073 (first received 20 April 2017).
IRCT201411112394N14 {published data only}
    1. IRCT201411112394N14. Effects of resveratrol on mood and cognition in patients with type 2 diabetes. en.irct.ir/trial/2084?revision=2084 (first received 18 August 2015).
IRCT201601022394N19 {published data only}
    1. IRCT201601022394N19. Effect of resveratrol on serum irisin and adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes. en.irct.ir/trial/2085 (first received 24 July 2016).
IRCT20171118037528N1 {published data only}
    1. IRCT20171118037528N1. Effect of resveratrol on vascular function. en.irct.ir/trial/27734 (first received 29 December 2017).
NCT01158417 {published data only}
    1. NCT01158417. Resveratrol in type2 diabetes and obesity. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01158417 (first received 8 July 2010).
NCT01881347 {published data only}
    1. NCT01881347. Effects of resveratrol on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01881347 (first received 19 June 2013).
NCT02549924 {published data only}
    1. NCT02549924. Effect of administration of resveratrol on glycemic variability in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02549924 (first received 15 September 2015).
SLCTR/2018/019 {published data only}
    1. SLCTR/2018/019. Effects of delta‐tocotrienol, resveratrol and vitamin D supplementation mixture on biochemical markers in diabetic patients. slctr.lk/trials/1304 (first received 21 June 2018).

Additional references

ADA 1999
    1. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, the American Diabetes Association. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 1999;22(Suppl 1):S5‐19. - PubMed
ADA 2008
    1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes ‐ 2008. Diabetes Care 2008;31(Suppl 1):S12‐54. - PubMed
Almeida 2009
    1. Almeida L, Vaz‐da‐Silva M, Falcao A, Soares E, Costa R, Loureiro AI, et al. Pharmacokinetic and safety profile of trans‐resveratrol in a rising multiple‐dose study in healthy volunteers. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2009;53(Suppl 1):S7‐15. - PubMed
Altman 2003
    1. Altman DG, Bland JM. Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates. BMJ 2003;326(7382):219. [PUBMED: 12543843] - PMC - PubMed
Baur 2006
    1. Baur JA, Pearson KJ, Price NL, Jamieson HA, Lerin C, Kalra A, et al. Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high‐calorie diet. Nature 2006;444:337‐42. - PMC - PubMed
Bhatt 2012
    1. Bhatt JK, Thomas S, Nanjan MJ. Resveratrol supplementation improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition Research (New York, NY) 2012;32:537‐41. - PubMed
Bird 2012
    1. Bird SR, Hawley JA. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: new prescription for an old problem. Maturitas 2012;72:311‐6. - PubMed
Boocock 2007
    1. Boocock DJ, Faust GE, Patel KR, Schinas AM, Brown VA, Ducharme MP, et al. Phase I dose escalation pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers of resveratrol, a potential cancer chemopreventive agent. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2007;16:1246‐52. - PubMed
Borenstein 2017a
    1. Borenstein M, Higgins JP, Hedges LV, Rothstein HR. Basics of meta‐analysis: I² is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity. Research Synthesis Methods 2017;8(1):5‐18. - PubMed
Borenstein 2017b
    1. Borenstein M. Prediction intervals. www.meta‐analysis.com/prediction (accessed 3 July 2017).
Boutron 2014
    1. Boutron I, Altman DG, Hopewell S, Vera‐Badillo F, Tannock I, Ravaud P. Impact of spin in the abstracts of articles reporting results of randomized controlled trials in the field of cancer: the SPIIN randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014;32:4120‐6. - PubMed
Brasnyo 2011
    1. Brasnyo P, Molnar GA, Mohas M, Marko L, Laczy B, Cseh J, et al. Resveratrol improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress and activates the akt pathway in type 2 diabetic patients. British Journal of Nutrition 2011;106:383‐9. - PubMed
Brown 2010
    1. Brown VA, Patel KR, Viskaduraki M, Crowell JA, Perloff M, Booth TD, et al. Repeat dose study of the cancer chemopreventive agent resveratrol in healthy volunteers: safety, pharmacokinetics, and effect on the insulin‐like growth factor axis. Cancer Research 2010;70:9003‐11. - PMC - PubMed
Burns 2002
    1. Burns J, Yokota T, Ashihara H, Lean ME, Crozier A. Plant foods and herbal sources of resveratrol. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002;50:3337‐40. - PubMed
Chow 2010
    1. Chow HH, Garland LL, Hsu CH, Vining DR, Chew WM, Miller JA, et al. Resveratrol modulates drug‐ and carcinogen‐metabolizing enzymes in a healthy volunteer study. Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.) 2010;3:1168‐75. - PMC - PubMed
Corbett 2014
    1. Corbett MS, Higgins JP, Woolacott NF. Assessing baseline imbalance in randomised trials: implications for the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Research Synthesis Methods 2014;5:79‐85. - PubMed
Deeks 2017
    1. Deeks JJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG, editor(s), on behalf of the Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta‐analyses. In: Higgins JP, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
El‐Kaissi 2011
    1. El‐Kaissi S, Sherbeeni S. Pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an update. Current Diabetes Reviews 2011;7:392‐405. - PubMed
Germino 2011
    1. Germino FW. Noninsulin treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in geriatric patients: a review. Clinical Therapeutics 2011;33:1868‐82. - PubMed
GRADEproGDT 2015 [Computer program]
    1. McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime, Inc.). GRADEpro GDT: GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool [www.guidelinedevelopment.org]. Version accessed 1 October 2018. Hamilton (ON): McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime, Inc.), 2015.
Hansen 2004
    1. Hansen JB, Arkhammar PO, Bodvarsdottir TB, Wahl P. Inhibition of insulin secretion as a new drug target in the treatment of metabolic disorders. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004;11:1595‐615. - PubMed
Hart 2012
    1. Hart B, Lundh A, Bero L. Effect of reporting bias on meta‐analyses of drug trials: reanalysis of meta‐analyses. BMJ 2012;344:d7202. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d7202] - DOI - PubMed
Hausenblas 2015
    1. Hausenblas HA, Schoulda JA, Smoliga JM. Resveratrol treatment as an adjunct to pharmacological management in type 2 diabetes mellitus ‐ systematic review and meta‐analysis. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2015;59(1):147‐59. - PubMed
Hemmingsen 2013
    1. Hemmingsen B, Lund SS, Gluud C, Vaag A, Almdal TP, Wetterslev J. Targeting intensive glycaemic control versus targeting conventional glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008143.pub3] - DOI - PubMed
Higgins 2002
    1. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis. Statistics in Medicine 2002;21:1539‐58. - PubMed
Higgins 2003
    1. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta‐analysis. BMJ 2003;327:557‐60. - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2009
    1. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Spiegelhalter DJ. A re‐evaluation of random‐effects meta‐analysis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) 2009;172(1):137‐59. - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2011a
    1. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011; Vol. 343:d5928. - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2011b
    1. Higgins JP, Deeks JJ, Altman DG, editor(s). Chapter 16: Special topics in statistics. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane‐handbook.cochrane.org.
Higgins 2017
    1. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Sterne JA, editors(s). Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Hróbjartsson 2013
    1. Hróbjartsson A, Thomsen AS, Emanuelsson F, Tendal B, Hilden J, Boutron I, et al. Observer bias in randomized clinical trials with measurement scale outcomes: a systematic review of trials with both blinded and nonblinded assessors. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2013;185(4):E201‐11. - PMC - PubMed
Kirkham 2010
    1. Kirkham JJ, Dwan KM, Altman DG, Gamble C, Dodd S, Smyth R, et al. The impact of outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials on a cohort of systematic reviews. BMJ 2010;340:c365. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c365] - DOI - PubMed
La Porte 2010
    1. Porte C, Voduc N, Zhang G, Seguin I, Tardiff D, Singhal N, et al. Steady‐state pharmacokinetics and tolerability of trans‐resveratrol 2000 mg twice daily with food, quercetin and alcohol (ethanol) in healthy human subjects. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 2010;49:449‐54. - PubMed
Lagouge 2006
    1. Lagouge M, Argmann C, Gerhart‐Hines Z, Meziane H, Lerin C, Daussin F, et al. Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC‐1alpha. Cell 2006;127:1109‐22. - PubMed
Liberati 2009
    1. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic and meta‐analyses of studies that evaluate interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Medicine 2009;6(7):1‐28. - PMC - PubMed
Liu 2014
    1. Liu K, Zhou R, Wang B, Mi MT. Effect of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity: a meta‐analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2014;99(6):1510‐9. - PubMed
Martin‐Gronert 2012
    1. Martin‐Gronert MS, Ozanne SE. Metabolic programming of insulin action and secretion. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism 2012;14(Suppl 3):29‐39. - PubMed
Mathieu 2009
    1. Mathieu S, Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG, Ravaud P. Comparison of registered and published primary outcomes in randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2009;302:977‐84. - PubMed
McKinlay 2000
    1. McKinlay J, Marceau L. US public health and the 21st century: diabetes mellitus. Lancet 2000;356:757‐61. - PubMed
Meader 2014
    1. Meader N, King K, Llewellyn A, Norman G, Brown J, Rodgers M, et al. A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: development and pilot validation. Systematic Reviews 2014;3:82. - PMC - PubMed
Moser 2012
    1. Moser EG, Morris AA, Garg SK. Emerging diabetes therapies and technologies. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 2012;97:16‐26. - PubMed
Neves 2012
    1. Neves AR, Lucio M, Lima JL, Reis S. Resveratrol in medicinal chemistry: a critical review of its pharmacokinetics, drug‐delivery, and membrane interactions. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2012;19(11):1663‐81. - PubMed
Palsamy 2008
    1. Palsamy P, Subramanian S. Resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin, normalizes hyperglycemia in streptozotocin‐nicotinamide induced experimental diabetic rats. Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie [Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy] 2008;62:598‐605. - PubMed
Palsamy 2009
    1. Palsamy P, Subramanian S. Modulatory effects of resveratrol on attenuating the key enzymes activities of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin‐nicotinamide‐induced diabetic rats. Chemico‐biological Interactions 2009;179:356‐62. - PubMed
Palsamy 2010
    1. Palsamy P, Subramanian S. Ameliorative potential of resveratrol on proinflammatory cytokines, hyperglycemia mediated oxidative stress, and pancreatic beta‐cell dysfunction in streptozotocin‐nicotinamide‐induced diabetic rats. Journal of Cellular Physiology 2010;224:423‐32. - PubMed
Pangeni 2014
    1. Pangeni R, Sahni JK, Ali J, Sharma S, Baboota S. Resveratrol: review on therapeutic potential and recent advances in drug delivery. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 2014;11(8):1285‐98. - PubMed
RevMan 2014 [Computer program]
    1. Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
Riley 2011
    1. Riley RD, Higgins JP, Deeks JJ. Interpretation of random effects meta‐analyses. BMJ 2011;342:d549. - PubMed
Rimando 2004
    1. Rimando AM, Kalt W, Magee JB, Dewey J, Ballington JR. Resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol in vaccinium berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004;52:4713‐9. - PubMed
Schünemann 2017
    1. Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Higgins JP, Vist GE, Glasziou P, Akl E, et al. on behalf of the Cochrane GRADEing Methods Group and the Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. Chapter 11: Completing ‘Summary of findings’ tables and grading the confidence in or quality of the evidence. In: Higgins JP, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017). Cochrane, 2017. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Sterne 2011
    1. Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011;343:d4002. - PubMed
Sterne 2017
    1. Sterne JA, Egger M, Moher D, Boutron I, editor(s). Chapter 10: Addressing reporting biases. In: Higgins JP, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
WHO 1998
    1. Alberti KM, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part I: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabetic Medicine 1998;15:539‐53. - PubMed
Wong 2006
    1. Wong SS, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB. Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound treatment studies in EMBASE. Journal of the Medical Library Association 2006;94(1):41‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Wood 2008
    1. Wood L, Egger M, Gluud LL, Schulz KF, Juni P, Altman DG, et al. Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta‐epidemiological study. BMJ 2008;336(7644):601‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Zhu 2017
    1. Zhu X, Wu C, Qiu S, Yuan X, Li L. Effects of resveratrol on glucose control and insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta‐analysis. Nutrition and Metabolism 2017;14:60. - PMC - PubMed