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. 2020 Jan 22;25(3):464.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25030464.

Grapevine Green Pruning Residues as a Promising and Sustainable Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds

Stefano Acquadro  1 , Silvia Appleton  1 , Arianna Marengo  1 , Carlo Bicchi  1 , Barbara Sgorbini  1 , Manuela Mandrone  2 , Francesco Gai  3 , Pier Giorgio Peiretti  3 , Cecilia Cagliero  1 , Patrizia Rubiolo  1
Affiliations

Grapevine Green Pruning Residues as a Promising and Sustainable Source of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds

Stefano Acquadro et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Green pruning residues (GPRs) and leaves from 16 red and white Vitis vinifera L. cultivars from Piedmont (Italy) were studied. The investigated samples were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction optimized by an experimental design, and quali- and quantitatively analyzed by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. GPRs and leaves show a similar polyphenolic pattern, with quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, caftaric acid, and quercetin 3-O-glucoside as the main components, although in variable proportions. The HPLC results were related to the antioxidant activity, measured as total phenolic content and through DPPH and ABTS assays with similar results. Colorimetric in vitro assays, offline combined with HPLC-PDA analysis, determine which compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging abilities. Valorization of GPRs is a potential source of natural compounds that could be of interest in the health field, increasing their economic value together with a positive effect on the environment.

Keywords: HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS; Vitis vinifera L.; antioxidant activity; colorimetric in vitro assays; green pruning residues; phenolic pattern; viticulture sustainability.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
HPLC-PDA profiles (λ, 270 nm) of green pruning residues (GPRs) and leaves. For peak numbers see Table 1.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Concentration (mg/g) of the main phenolic compounds of freeze-dried green pruning residues (GPRs) (A) and leaves (B).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Score plot (A) and loading plot (B) of the principal component analysis relative to the quantity of the main phenolic compounds in green pruning residues (GPRs) (r) and leaves (l). In the score plot, GPRs are in brown and leaves in green. In the loading plot: (2), caftaric acid; (7), myricetin glucuronide; (9), rutin and hyperoside; (10), quercetin 3-O-glucoside; (11), quercetin 3-O-glucuronide; (12), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside; (14), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and quercetin malonylhexoside; and (15), isorhamnetin glucuronide. The analytes significantly more abundant in GPRs are in brown and those significantly more abundant in leaves are in green.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Box plots relative to the in vitro colorimetric antioxidant assays: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) by ABTS Assay expressed as mmol Trolox/kg matrix (A) and EC50 (mg matrix) by DPPH assay (B). The dashed line gives the literature values (i.e., [30] for A, and [31] for B).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Box plots relative to the in vitro colorimetric antioxidant assays: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) by ABTS Assay expressed as mmol Trolox/kg matrix (A) and EC50 (mg matrix) by DPPH assay (B). The dashed line gives the literature values (i.e., [30] for A, and [31] for B).
Figure 5
Figure 5
HPLC chromatograms of GPRs extracts before (black profile) and after (red profile) reaction with ABTS (A) and DPPH (B) free radical. For peak numbers, see Table 1.
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