Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Platelets Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Circulating mtDNA in Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are devastating disorders and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases is complex and multifactorial and, in the past years, mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have gained growing attention. Indeed, CVDs can be considered as a systemic alteration, and understanding the eventual implication of circulating blood cells peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and or platelets, and particularly their mitochondrial function, ROS production, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) releases in patients with cardiac impairments, appears worthwhile. Interestingly, reports consistently demonstrate a reduced mitochondrial respiratory chain oxidative capacity related to the degree of CVD severity and to an increased ROS production by PBMCs. Further, circulating mtDNA level was generally modified in such patients. These data are critical steps in term of cardiac disease comprehension and further studies are warranted to challenge the possible adjunct of PBMCs' and platelets' mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and circulating mtDNA as biomarkers of CVD diagnosis and prognosis. This new approach might also allow further interesting therapeutic developments.

Keywords: PBMCS; biomarkers; cardiovascular diseases; circulating cells; herat failure; mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; platelets; reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Figure 1

Density gradient centrifugation of whole blood allows peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolation and then mitochondrial respiratory chain, reactive oxygen species, and DNA analysis.

Figure 2

Mitochondrial alterations in PBMCs or platelets during cardiovascular diseases.