Enabling Technologies for Personalized and Precision Medicine

Dean Ho¹, Stephen R Quake², Edward R B McCabe³, Wee Joo Chng⁴, Edward K Chow⁵, Xianting Ding⁶, Bruce D Gelb⁷, Geoffrey S Ginsburg⁸, Jason Hassenstab⁹, Chih-Ming Ho¹⁰, William C Mobley¹¹, Garry P Nolan¹², Steven T Rosen¹³, Patrick Tan¹⁴, Yun Yen¹⁵, Ali Zarrinpar¹⁶

Affiliations

¹ The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore; The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUS Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: biedh@nus.edu.sg.
² Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA, USA; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
³ March of Dimes Foundation, New York, USA. Electronic address: emccabe@mednet.ucla.edu.
⁴ Department of Haematology and Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
⁵ Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
⁶ Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
⁷ Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
⁸ Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA.
⁹ Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹¹ Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
¹² Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, CA, USA.
¹³ Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, CA, USA.
¹⁴ Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
¹⁵ College of Medical Technology, Center of Cancer Translational Research, Taipei Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
¹⁶ Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation & Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Florida, FL, USA.

PMID: 31980301
PMCID: PMC7924935
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.021

Review

Enabling Technologies for Personalized and Precision Medicine

Dean Ho et al. Trends Biotechnol. 2020 May.

. 2020 May;38(5):497-518.

doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.021. Epub 2020 Jan 21.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore; The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUS Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: biedh@nus.edu.sg.
² Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA, USA; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
³ March of Dimes Foundation, New York, USA. Electronic address: emccabe@mednet.ucla.edu.
⁴ Department of Haematology and Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
⁵ Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
⁶ Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
⁷ Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
⁸ Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA.
⁹ Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹¹ Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
¹² Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, CA, USA.
¹³ Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, CA, USA.
¹⁴ Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
¹⁵ College of Medical Technology, Center of Cancer Translational Research, Taipei Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
¹⁶ Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation & Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Florida, FL, USA.

PMID: 31980301
PMCID: PMC7924935
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.021

Abstract

Individualizing patient treatment is a core objective of the medical field. Reaching this objective has been elusive owing to the complex set of factors contributing to both disease and health; many factors, from genes to proteins, remain unknown in their role in human physiology. Accurately diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disorders requires advances in biomarker discovery, the subsequent development of accurate signatures that correspond with dynamic disease states, as well as therapeutic interventions that can be continuously optimized and modulated for dose and drug selection. This work highlights key breakthroughs in the development of enabling technologies that further the goal of personalized and precision medicine, and remaining challenges that, when addressed, may forge unprecedented capabilities in realizing truly individualized patient care.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; clinical trials; diagnostics; personalized medicine; precision medicine; therapeutics.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest Statement

D. Ho, E.K. Chow, X. Ding, C. Ho, and A. Zarrinpar are co-inventors of pending and issued patents pertaining to artificial intelligence-based drug development.

Figures

**Figure 1.. Engineering Precision Medicine Technology Platforms.**
From genome-guided medicine to CRISPR, a broad spectrum of technology platforms that bridge engineering with precision medicine are poised to impact clinical outcomes.

**Figure 2.. Engineering Personalized Medicine Technology Platforms.**
By bridging wearable technologies with artificial intelligence and other engineering platforms, marked enhancements in the development of individualized treatment and monitoring may be realized.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Enabling Technologies for Personalized and Precision Medicine

Affiliations

Enabling Technologies for Personalized and Precision Medicine

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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