Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; National Clinician Scholars Program, Institute for Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Electronic address: alexfrie@med.umich.edu.
• ² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 2800 North Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
• ³ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.