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Review
. 2019;101(3):467-477.
doi: 10.1007/s42161-019-00255-0. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Cassava mosaic disease: a review of a threat to cassava production in Zambia

Patrick Chiza Chikoti  1 , Rabson Mpundu Mulenga  1 , Mathias Tembo  1 , Peter Sseruwagi  2
Affiliations
Review

Cassava mosaic disease: a review of a threat to cassava production in Zambia

Patrick Chiza Chikoti et al. J Plant Pathol. 2019.

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important root staple crops in Zambia. An estimated 30% of Zambians, over 4 million people, consume cassava as part of their daily diet. Cassava is mostly grown by subsistence farmers on fields of less than 1 ha. Cultivation of cassava is hampered by several biotic constraints, of which cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is currently the most important factor limiting cassava production in Zambia. CMD occurs in all the cassava-growing provinces and accounts for 50% to 70% of yield losses countrywide. Strategies to counter CMD were initiated in the early 1990s and included the release of CMD-resistant cassava cultivars. However, efforts to control CMD are limited because few growers plant these cultivars. More recently, to address the CMD problem, regular disease monitoring and diagnostic capabilities have been strengthened, and there is increased support for screening breeders materials. CMD is a rising threat to cassava production in Zambia. This review of CMD research on disease surveillance, CMD spread, yield losses, awareness campaigns and control options in Zambia over the past 25 years informs future control efforts and management strategies.

Keywords: Begomoviruses; Diagnostics; Epidemiology; Phytosanitation; Southern Africa; Whitefly.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interestThere is no conflict of interest by the co-authors.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Symptoms of cassava mosaic disease (CMD). a A healthy cassava plant (left) and a plant infected with CMD (right); plants are same cultivar, Manyopola. b A healthy cassava leaf. c A cassava leaf showing severe CMD symptoms including leaf curling and chlorosis. d A cassava plant (cultivar Katobamputa) with a single infection of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and e a plant of the same cultivar with a dual infection of ACMV and East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of cassava mosaic begomoviruses in 2009: African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Growing zones of common crops in Zambia
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
a Cassava plants infected with cassava mosaic disease (CMD) exhibiting reduced tuber size. b Healthy cassava plants with relatively large tubers
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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