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Review
. 2020 Jan 24;25(3):516.
doi: 10.3390/molecules25030516.

Emerging Applications of Drug Delivery Systems in Oral Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment

Jingou Liang  1 , Xinyu Peng  1 , Xuedong Zhou  1 , Jing Zou  1 , Lei Cheng  1
Affiliations
Review

Emerging Applications of Drug Delivery Systems in Oral Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment

Jingou Liang et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The oral cavity is a unique complex ecosystem colonized with huge numbers of microorganism species. Oral cavities are closely associated with oral health and sequentially with systemic health. Many factors might cause the shift of composition of oral microbiota, thus leading to the dysbiosis of oral micro-environment and oral infectious diseases. Local therapies and dental hygiene procedures are the main kinds of treatment. Currently, oral drug delivery systems (DDS) have drawn great attention, and are considered as important adjuvant therapy for oral infectious diseases. DDS are devices that could transport and release the therapeutic drugs or bioactive agents to a certain site and a certain rate in vivo. They could significantly increase the therapeutic effect and reduce the side effect compared with traditional medicine. In the review, emerging recent applications of DDS in the treatment for oral infectious diseases have been summarized, including dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis and oral candidiasis. Furthermore, oral stimuli-responsive DDS, also known as "smart" DDS, have been reported recently, which could react to oral environment and provide more accurate drug delivery or release. In this article, oral smart DDS have also been reviewed. The limits have been discussed, and the research potential demonstrates good prospects.

Keywords: drug delivery systems; oral infectious diseases; stimuli-responsive DDS.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Examples of the structures of different kinds of carriers.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Recent anti-bacterial DDS for dental caries. (a) chlorhexidine loaded mesoporous nanoparticles; (b) peptides loaded lipid-based nanoparticle; (c) chlorhexidine loaded ethy cellulose matrix varnish.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Recent remineralizing DDS for dental caries. (a) Flouride loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles; (b) Triclosan-loaded PAMAM dendrimer. The dual functional DDS showed anti-bacterial effect and dental remineralization as well. Triclosan is an anti-bacterial agent while PAMAM dendrimers could aggregate into a microribbon structure and promote dental remineralization.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Recent DDS for secondary caries. (a) Nanoparticles loaded restoration resin. Adhesives and composite resin could be loaded with anti-bacterial nanoparticle (such as Ag and ZnO) and remineralizating agents like Nano-ACP. (b) Indonmethacin-loaded lipid-based nano capsules modified dental adhesives. The nano capsules could release from the adhesives with sustained release of indomethacin which had anti-inflammatory effect on dental pulp.
Figure 5
Figure 5
DDS used in periodontitis. (a) antimicrobial agents loaded DDS. Various antibiotics (like metronidazole and levofloxacin) can be loaded in drug delivery devices, such as fibers and films. (b) DDS for immunomodulation and alveolar bone repair. Injectable drug delivery systems are commonly used devices, and anti-inflammation agents, bone repair factors and osteogenesis drugs are delivered. (c) DDS used in periodontitis with risk factors (such as smoking and diabetes).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Recent DDS for oral candidiasis. (a) nystatin loaded lipid based nanoparticles, (b) clotrimazole loaded nanofiber mat; (c) Peptides loaded bioadhesive hydrogel; (d) modified denture materials with sustained drug release. The copolymer modified denture could had improved binding with miconazole and thus showed sustained drug release.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Recent stimuli-responsive DDS in oral infectious diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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