Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Jan 29;19(1):9.
doi: 10.1186/s12937-020-0521-8.

Salt consumption and the risk of chronic diseases among Chinese adults in Ningbo city

Yi Lin  1 , Qiuhong Mei  2 , Xujun Qian  3 , Tianfeng He  4
Affiliations

Salt consumption and the risk of chronic diseases among Chinese adults in Ningbo city

Yi Lin et al. Nutr J. .

Abstract

Background: Chronic diseases have become one of essential public health concerns, leading causes of mortality in China. It is related to the changes in dietary pattern and dietary behavior. The objectives are to assess daily salt intake in Chinese people living in Ningbo and to examine its relationship with health outcomes.

Methods: Our study used data from health and nutrition survey in 2017. This study included 2811 adults aged 18-79 years (48% males) from urban and rural areas in Ningbo. A food frequency questionnaire together with demographic, physical and medical questionnaires was used to collect dietary intake, demographic, lifestyle and medical information. Ordinal logistic regression was used in the statistical analysis.

Results: The mean daily salt intake (13.0 g/day) of the participants was higher than the Chinese dietary reference intake (DRI, 6 g/d), which was related to higher risk of pre-hypertension and hypertension. Stratified by gender, education and lifestyle factors, daily salt intake was only significant in the blood pressure category (male: P = 0.048; less education: P = 0.003; urban: P = 0.006; no regular physical activity: P = 0.005, no regular smoking: P = 0.006). Ordinal logistic regression model shows that daily salt intake was significantly associated with higher odds of developing hypertension.

Conclusion: The daily salt intake of the majority of citizens living in Ningbo exceeded Chinese DRI and may increase the risk of hypertension. Moreover, public health intervention of salt restriction is necessarily needed for the prevention and control the ongoing epidemic of chronic diseases.

Keywords: Chinese; Chronic diseases; Diabetes; Hypertension; Nutrition and health survey; Obesity; Salt intake.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. All authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Yu D, Shi J, Zhang H, Wang Z, Lu Y, Zhang B, Pan Y, Wang B, Sun P. Identifying patterns of non-communicable diseases in developed eastern coastal China: a longitudinal study of electronic health records from 12 public hospitals. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e016007. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016007. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China: 2014 Report on Chinese resident’s chronic disease and nutrition. 2015.
    1. World Health Organization. In: country profiles. Non communicable diseases progress monitor 2015. 2015; http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/184688/1/9789241509459_eng.pdf. Accessed 15 May 2019.
    1. Zhao Y, Wang L, Xue H, Wang H, Wang Y. Fast food consumption and its associations with obesity and hypertension among children: results from the baseline data of the childhood obesity study in China mega-cities. BMC Public Health. 2017;17:933. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4952-x. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Eggersdorfer M, Wyss A. Carotenoids in human nutrition and health. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2018;652:18–26. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.06.001. - DOI - PubMed

Substances