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. 2018 Oct 29;9(1):12-19.
doi: 10.1093/af/vfy031. eCollection 2019 Jan.

Heat stress: physiology of acclimation and adaptation

Robert J Collier  1 , Lance H Baumgard  2 , Rosemarie B Zimbelman  3 , Yao Xiao  4
Affiliations

Heat stress: physiology of acclimation and adaptation

Robert J Collier et al. Anim Front. .
No abstract available

Keywords: acclimation; acclimatization; adaptation; stress.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Schematic of neural integration of environmental conditions with animal metabolism. Adapted from Collier and Gebremedhin (2015).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Effect of thermoneutral (average THI = 57) or heat stress (average THI = 72) conditions on feed intake in lactating dairy cows under controlled environmental conditions (N = 95, feed intake decreased 11.5%, P < 0.001). Data summarized from Wheelock et al. (2010); Zimbelman et al. (2010); Hall et al. (2016, 2018).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Effect of level of milk production on feed intake response to acute (3 days) heat stress. Data summarized from Wheelock et al. (2010); Zimbelman et al. (2010); Hall et al. (2016, 2018).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Effect of chronic (10 days) thermoneutral (THI = 57) or heat stress (THI = 72) conditions on water intake in lactating dairy cows under controlled environmental conditions,(N = 77, 20.8% increase, P < 0.001). Data summarized from Wheelock et al. (2010); Zimbelman et al. (2010); Hall et al. (2016, 2018).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Effect of level of milk production on water intake response to acute heat stress conditions. Data summarized from Wheelock et al. (2010); Zimbelman et al. (2010); Hall et al. (2016, 2018).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
(A) Phalloidin stained whole mounts of bovine mammary collagen gel cultures on day 7 of culture after 24 h at either 37 °C (top) or 42 °C (bottom), (B) Relative expression of inducible HSP-70 gene RNA in response to acute thermal stress. From Collier et al. (2006).
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Adjusted number of deaths in relation to maximum (A) and minimum (B) THI; (A) a break point was detected at 79.6 THI. Below the break point, the adjusted number of deaths was constant across THI values (R2 = 0.0119, F1,50 = 0.910, P = 0.5), whereas above 79.6 THI, the adjusted number of deaths rose sharply with THI (R2 = 0.8382, F1,13 = 269.65 P ≤ 0.001); (B) a break point was detected at 70.3 THI. Below the break point, the adjusted number of deaths was constant across THI values (R2 = 0.0004, F1,62 = 0.930, P = 0.5), whereas above 70.3 THI, the adjusted number of deaths rose sharply with THI (R2 = 0.6151, F1,9 = 707.01, P < 0.001). From Vitali et al. (2009).
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References

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