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. 2020 Jan 17:10:1379.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01379. eCollection 2019.

Four-Year Longitudinal Study of Motor and Non-motor Symptoms in LRRK2-Related Parkinson's Disease

Xiao Deng  1 , Bin Xiao  1 , Hui-Hua Li  2 , Ebonne Ng  1 , Yew-Long Lo  1   3 , Eng-King Tan  1   3 , Kumar M Prakash  1   3
Affiliations

Four-Year Longitudinal Study of Motor and Non-motor Symptoms in LRRK2-Related Parkinson's Disease

Xiao Deng et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

Objectives: In a prospective 4-year study, we evaluated the progression of motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with Asian-specific LRRK2 risk variants and non-carriers. Methods: A total of 202 patients with PD, including 133 risk variant carriers and 69 non-carriers, were followed up and evaluated using the Modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III, Non-motor Symptom Scale, Parkinson's disease Questionnaire-39 item version. Means of generalized estimating equation model was performed to compare the differences from baseline between LRRK2 risk variant carriers and non-carriers. Results: Our longitudinal analysis revealed that risk variant carriers exhibited greater progression than non-carriers after 4 years based on the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale (risk variants carriers, 0.65; non-carriers, 0.06; P = 0.041). Meanwhile, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale gait and posture score in risk variant carriers also showed greater increase than that in non-carriers, although the difference was not statistically significant. Non-carriers experienced a transient improvement in non-motor symptoms at the early stage of PD, as scores at visit two significantly reduced compared to baseline in Non-motor Symptom Scale domain 3 (mood/apathy), Parkinson's disease Questionnaire-39 item version domain 3 (emotional well-being), and frequency of NMS in non-carriers but not in risk variants carriers. Conclusions: PD gene risk variant carriers were more likely to progress faster in their motor severity than non-carriers. There were transient differences in certain non-motor symptoms and quality of life in carriers. However, more studies are warranted to assess the association of PD risk variants and progression of non-motor symptoms.

Keywords: LRRK2; Parkinson's disease; motor; non-motor; progression.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Progression of Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) score in two groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Progression of UPDRS posture and gait score in two groups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Progression of Non-motor Symptom Scale (NMSS) domain 3 score in two groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Progression of Parkinson's disease Questionnaire-39 item version (PDQ-39) domain 3 score in two groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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