Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Urachal Excision Using Hidden Incision Endoscopic Surgery Technique in Pediatric Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Although laparoscopic urachal excision in children has been well reported, there are limited data on a robot-assisted surgery (RAS) approach. The hidden incision endoscopic surgery (HIdES) technique is an established method of eliminating visible scars following a number of RAS urologic procedures. We report our experience of using a robotic approach to treat urachal anomalies in children, and we present the first description of utilizing the HIdES port configuration for this procedure. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients who underwent resection of a urachal remnant at our institution from 2013 to 2018. Surgical techniques were either the traditional open approach (OA) or RAS. HIdES trocar placement configuration was employed in all robotic cases. Patient demographics, perioperative data, pathology reports, and outcomes were abstracted and compared. Results: Twenty-three patients underwent a urachal remnant resection in the study period (RAS: 14 patients vs OA: 9 patients). RAS patients were older (8.5 vs 2.0 years, p = 0.031) and weighed more than OA patients (36.1 vs 13.9 kg, p = 0.063). Median operative time for RAS was longer than OA operative time (136 vs 33 minutes, p < 0.01). Fewer RAS patients were outpatient compared with OA (7.1% vs 66.7%, p < 0.01), but with a median length of stay of 1 day (0-1 day). Two patients (14.3%) in the RAS group experienced postoperative complications within 1 week of the procedure compared with 1 (11.1%) in the OA group. There was no significant difference in blood loss, postoperative narcotic requirements, or duration of follow-up between both groups. Conclusion: RAS is a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery for urachal anomalies. Complete excision can be achieved by using HIdES port configuration, allowing for excellent cosmetic outcomes that are superior to traditional surgical scars without limitation to essential surgical ergonomics.

Keywords: laparoscopy; pediatric urology; robotics; urachus.