Prognostic and predictive values of CXCL10 in colorectal cancer

Abstract

Background: The role of CXCL10 in progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been studied for years, yet results remain controversial.

Aim: This study aims to explore the relationship between CXCL10 and CRC progression and prognosis.

Methods: We evaluated plasma CXCL10 in CRC patients using ELISA. We also performed a meta-analysis of the associations between CXCL10 and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and clinicopathological features. Finally, correlations between CXCL10 and methylation or immune infiltration were performed using TCGA data.

Results: ELISA analysis showed that CXCL10 was associated with age, red blood cells, blood platelets, and blood urea nitrogen. A separate analysis of 3,763 patients from 24 studies revealed that there were significant associations between low CXCL10 expression and OS (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01-1.53), DFS (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.17-2.34), and RFS (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20-1.71) in CRC. Additionally, downregulated CXCL10 expression was significantly correlated with age [odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52], metastasis (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11-1.63), recurrence (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.16-1.83), tumor location (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.58-2.24), differentiation (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35-0.93), microsatellite instability (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15-0.35), BRAF mutation (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.25-2.08), p53 mutation (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16-0.47), and CIMP (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.43). Furthermore, significant associations were observed between CXCL10 and methylation and immune infiltration.

Conclusions: The study suggests that CXCL10 might be a potential target for the treatment of CRC.

Trial registration: NCT03189992. Registered 4 June 2017, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03189992?term=NCT03189992&rank=1 .

Keywords: CXCL10; Colorectal cancer; Immune infiltration; Meta-analysis; Methylation; Prognosis.