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. 2020 Apr;8(4):e1140.
doi: 10.1002/mgg3.1140. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic structure of four Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations in Tibetan-Yi corridor revealed by insertion/deletion polymorphisms

Xing Zou  1 , Guanglin He  1 , Mengge Wang  1 , Liwen Huo  2 , Xu Chen  3 , Jing Liu  1 , Shouyu Wang  1 , Ziwei Ye  1 , Fei Wang  1 , Zheng Wang  1 , Yiping Hou  1
Affiliations

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic structure of four Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations in Tibetan-Yi corridor revealed by insertion/deletion polymorphisms

Xing Zou et al. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2020 Apr.

Retraction in

Abstract

Background: Insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels), combined with all the desirable features of both short tandem repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism, have been used in archaeological and anthropological research, population genetics and forensic application.

Methods: Thirty InDels in 530 individuals residing in the Tibetan-Yi corridor (142 Dujiangyan Tibetans, 164 Muli Tibetans, 187 Xichang Yis, and 37 Yanyuan Mosuos) were genotyped using the Investigator DIPplex. Forensic parameters and allele frequency spectrum were calculated. Genetic relationships between the investigated populations and worldwide and nationwide populations were assessed based on both the allele frequency distribution and genotype data.

Results: The combined powers of exclusion were 0.9807 (Dujiangyan Tibetan), 0.9880 (Muli Tibetan), 0.9852 (Xichang Yi) and 0.9892 (Yanyuan Mosuo). The combined powers of discrimination were 0.999999999983 (Dujiangyan Tibetan), 0.999999999942 (Muli Tibetan), 0.999999999982 (Xichang Yi) and 0.999999999962 (Yanyuan Mosuo), respectively. The comprehensive population comparisons among worldwide and nationwide populations uniformly illustrated that the investigated populations have a genetically closer relationship with Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations and geographically adjacent populations.

Conclusion: These 30 loci can be regarded as an efficient genetic tool in forensic individual identification and as a supplementary tool in paternity testing in Dujiangyan Tibetan, Muli Tibetan, Xichang Yi, and Yanyuan Mosuo. The genetic proximity between the four populations in the Tibetan-Yi corridor and other populations is strongly correlated with the linguistic origin and geographical distance.

Keywords: InDels; Tibetan-Yi corridor; forensic genetics; phylogenetic reconstruction; population genetics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Allele frequency divergence of 30 InDels, as well as the genetic similarities and differences between Dujiangyan Tibetans, Muli Tibetans, Xichang Yis, Yanyuan Mosuos and other 96 worldwide populations
Figure 2
Figure 2
Nei genetic distances between Dujiangyan Tibetans (a), Muli Tibetans (b), Yanyuan Mosuos (c), Xichang Yis (d) and other worldwide reference populations
Figure 3
Figure 3
Principal component analysis (PCA) and multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) based on allele‐frequency. (a). Geographical position and the population labels used in the PCA and MDS. (b–d) PCA based on the random combination of the first three components. (e–g) MDS between Dujiangyan Tibetans, Muli Tibetans, Xichang Yis, Yanyuan Mosuos and other 96 worldwide populations based on Nei, Reynolds and Cavalli‐Sforza genetic distances
Figure 4
Figure 4
Phylogenetic relationship reconstruction among 100 worldwide populations based on the pairwise Nei genetic distances via neighbor‐joining tree.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Comprehensive population comparisons based on raw genotype data of 60 populations. (a,b) Principal component analysis of individual samples among 60 populations. (c) Heat map of pairwise Fst genetic distances among 60 populations. (d) Multidimensional scaling analysis among 60 populations on the basis of Fst genetic distances. (e) Phylogenetic tree among 60 populations residing in different continents and belonging to diverse languages families
Figure 6
Figure 6
Summary plot of genetic structure among 60 populations
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