Increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents: significance of environmental factors

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing immune-mediated disease of the intestinal tract. Although its prevalence is reportedly lower in Asia than in Western countries, the rapid increase in the incidence of IBD has drawn attention to its etiology, including genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Specifically, recent studies concerning dietary treatments and intestinal microbiota suggest that these factors may interact with the immune system, and the imbalance of this relationship may lead to immune dysregulation in IBD. Changes in diet or alterations in the composition of the intestinal microbiota may be associated with the increasing incidence of IBD in Asia. Here, we aim to review recent studies on the role of diet and intestinal microbiota in IBD pathogenesis and the results of the investigations performed to modulate these factors.

Keywords: Diet; Fecal microbiota transplantation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Microbiota.

Fig. 1.

Relationship between diet, intestinal microbiota, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Genetic susceptibility, diet, and microbial composition contribute to the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel disease itself and its severity are responsible for the microbial composition; conversely, dysbiosis is also thought to affect inflammatory bowel disease.