Conflict of interest: T. Berghmans has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A-M. Dingemans reports institutional fees for advisory board work and/or lectures from Roche, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, BMS, Amgen, Novartis, MSD, Takeda and Clovis, research support from BMS and AbbVie. Conflict of interest: L.E.L. Hendriks reports institutional fees for advisory board work from Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS and Lilly, travel support from Roche and BMS, grants from Roche and Boehringer Ingelheim, grants and institutional funding for a mentorship programme from AstraZeneca, personal fees for educational webinars from Quadia, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: J. Cadranel reports grants and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis and Pfizer, and personal fees from Roche, MSD and BMS, outside the submitted work.