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Review
. 2020 Feb 4;6(1):6.
doi: 10.3390/gels6010006.

Coating and Functionalization Strategies for Nanogels and Nanoparticles for Selective Drug Delivery

Filippo Pinelli  1 , Giuseppe Perale  2   3 , Filippo Rossi  1
Affiliations
Review

Coating and Functionalization Strategies for Nanogels and Nanoparticles for Selective Drug Delivery

Filippo Pinelli et al. Gels. .

Abstract

Drug delivery is a fascinating research field with several development opportunities. Great attention is now focused on colloidal systems, nanoparticles, and nanogels and on the possibility of modifying them in order to obtain precise targeted drug delivery systems. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the main available surface functionalization and coating strategies that can be adopted in order to modify the selectivity of the nanoparticles in the delivery process and obtain a final system with great targeted drug delivery ability. We also highlight the most important fields of application of these kinds of delivery systems and we propose a comparison between the advantages and disadvantages of the described functionalization strategies.

Keywords: nanogel; nanoparticle; polymer functionalization; selectivity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Examples of surface modification over an existing nanoparticle (a). The schematization in the figure represents the functionalization using (b) polymers, (c) cell membrane, (d) proteins, or (e) hybridized DNA structure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Set-up used for a simple emulsion evaporation method to obtain magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). In this case, an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion is exemplified. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier [84].
Figure 3
Figure 3
General scheme of preparation of membrane-coated nanoparticle and its biomedical applications; membranes isolated from different source cells by various methods and coating this onto core NPs by coincubation, sonication, or extrusion. CTC: circulating tumor cell; NP: nanoparticle; PTT: photothermal therapy; RT: radiotherapy. Reprinted with the permission from MDPI [96].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Construction of ScFvEGFR (single-chain variable fragment of the epidermal growth factor receptor)-IO (iron-oxide) nanoparticles. Uniform 10 nm IO nanoparticles were coated with amphiphilic copolymers modified with short PEG chains. ScFvEGFR proteins were conjugated to the IO nanoparticles mediated by ethyl-3-dimethyl amino propyl carbodiimide (EDAC). Reprinted with the permission from Wiley [97].
Figure 5
Figure 5
Pictorial representation of hybridization (a) on a DNA-modified gold nanoparticle and (b) in solution. Hybridization of a complement bearing a dangling end increases the hydrodynamic radius of the nanoparticle and can be followed by dynamic light scattering. X and Y represent two different families of oligonucleotides. Reprinted with the permission from [102]. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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