Mechanical measures during maximal velocity knee extension exercise and their relation to fibre composition of the human vastus lateralis muscle

Abstract

A method for measuring the maximal velocity of knee extension exercise is described using a very light lever arm. Instrumentation of the lever arm with a potentiometer and accelerometer also allows for the measurement of peak acceleration, time to peak acceleration, the average rate of development of acceleration (jerk) and peak torque. With this apparatus and surface electromyography, electromechanical delay (EMD) was also determined. This apparatus was tested using 17 female and 10 male subjects, and the measures obtained were related to the percentage of fast twitch fibres (% FT) and the relative area of fast twitch fibres (% FTA) in the vastus lateralis determined from duplicate muscle biopsy samples. Peak velocity of unloaded knee extension averaged 12.1 +/- 1.2 and 12.2 +/- 1.7 rad.s-1 for females and males, respectively, and were not significantly different. As well, peak acceleration, time to peak acceleration jerk and EMD values were not significantly different between the female and male subjects, but the mean peak torque for the female subjects (73.5 +/- 14.7 N.m) was significantly lower than that for the males (98.4 +/- 31.5 N.m). Peak acceleration was significantly correlated with %FT (r = 0.40, P = 0.04) for the total subject population. None of the other measures was significantly related to either %FT or %FTA for the male and female subjects or the combined population of subjects.