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Meta-Analysis
. 2020 Jan;32(1):8-18.
doi: 10.1177/1010539519895422. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Cryptosporidium Infection Increases the Risk for Chronic Diarrhea Among People Living With HIV in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wiwien S Utami  1 , Elsa H Murhandarwati  2 , Wayan T Artama  2 , Hari Kusnanto  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Cryptosporidium Infection Increases the Risk for Chronic Diarrhea Among People Living With HIV in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Wiwien S Utami et al. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2020 Jan.

Abstract

We conducted a systematic review research and meta-analysis to reveal the relationship between the risk of chronic diarrhea and Cryptosporidium infection in people living with HIV in Southeast Asia. We performed online peer-reviewed literature research from January 2005 to December 2017, which included PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, EBSCO, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Calculation of size effects in the meta-analysis was performed by STATA 13.0 software to estimate relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for any associations. Seven cross-sectional research articles were recruited in this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed a significant relationship between cryptosporidiosis and the risk of chronic diarrhea in people living with HIV, with RR = 1.325; 95% CI = 1.157 to 1.517; and P < .000. Our results suggested that cryptosporidiosis increases the risk of chronic diarrhea, and low CD4+ lymphocyte cell counts aggravate the degree of diarrhea. Therefore, clinicians should be more aware in treating HIV-positive people, especially those with low CD4+ cell counts, and we suggest that Cryptosporidium laboratory examinations be conducted immediately.

Keywords: Cryptosporidium; Southeast Asia; chronic diarrhea; cryptosporidiosis; meta-analysis; people living with HIV; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flowchart describing the study design process.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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