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Review
. 2020 Jan 24:7:3.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00003. eCollection 2020.

Progress in Fertility Preservation Strategies in Turner Syndrome

Mudan Ye  1 , John Yeh  2 , Ioanna Kosteria  3 , Li Li  1
Affiliations
Review

Progress in Fertility Preservation Strategies in Turner Syndrome

Mudan Ye et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Growth retardation and gonadal dysgenesis are two of the most important clinical manifestations of Turner syndrome (TS). As premature ovarian failure generally occurs early in life in women with TS, these patients should be counseled and evaluated as early as possible for discussion of optimal and individualized fertility preservation strategies. Infertility seriously affects the quality of life of women with TS. For those who have ovarian reserve, the theoretical options for future fertility in TS patients include cryopreservation of oocytes, ovarian tissues, and embryos. For those who have already lost their ovarian reserve, oocyte or embryo donation, gestational surrogacy, and adoption are strategies that allow fulfillment of desire for parenting. This review describes the etiologies of infertility and reviews the fertility preservation strategies for women with TS.

Keywords: Turner syndrome; cryopreservation of embryos; cryopreservation of oocytes; cryopreservation of ovarian tissues; fertility preservation.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The follicular maturation is monitored by ultrasound, and then the oocyte is collected by ultrasound guided ovum retrieval. The collected oocytes are vitrified and cryopreserved, and the frozen oocytes will be thawed and fertilized at the appropriate future time. It takes out the immature oocytes from the ovary and puts them into the culture medium simulating the follicular microenvironment in vivo, and cultures the oocytes in vitro to mature stage, and then fertilization and pregnancy occurs through IVF-ET. Oocyte maturation can be directly performed by IVF-ET and pregnancy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Ovarian tissue was removed by laparoscopy and frozen for preservation. After thawing, ovary fragmentation and autologous transplantation after Akt stimulation were performed to promote the growth of follicles and generate oocytes in TS patients. Immature oocytes were cultured in vitro to mature oocytes, which were used for IVF-ET and pregnancy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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