Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Feb 7;9(1):3.
doi: 10.3390/ht9010003.

Precision Medicine in Non-Communicable Diseases

Giuseppe Novelli  1   2   3 , Michela Biancolella  4 , Andrea Latini  1 , Aldo Spallone  5 , Paola Borgiani  1 , Marisa Papaluca  6
Affiliations

Precision Medicine in Non-Communicable Diseases

Giuseppe Novelli et al. High Throughput. .

Abstract

The increase in life expectancy during the 20th century ranks as one of society's greatest achievements, with massive growth in the numbers and proportion of the elderly, virtually occurring in every country of the world. The burden of chronic diseases is one of the main consequences of this phenomenon, severely hampering the quality of life of elderly people and challenging the efficiency and sustainability of healthcare systems. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are considered a global emergency responsible for over 70% of deaths worldwide. NCDs are also the basis for complex and multifactorial diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The epidemics of NCDs are a consequence of a complex interaction between health, economic growth, and development. This interaction includes the individual genome, the microbiome, the metabolome, the immune status, and environmental factors such as nutritional and chemical exposure. To counteract NCDs, it is therefore essential to develop an innovative, personalized, preventative, early care model through the integration of different molecular profiles of individuals to identify both the critical biomarkers of NCD susceptibility and to discover novel therapeutic targets.

Keywords: epigenetics; genomic biomarkers; genomics; pharmacogenetics; precision medicine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Top ten threats to global health in 2019. List of the biggest threats to global health in 2019 compiled by the World Health Organisation and ranked by a community of healthcare professionals. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are listed as a serious threat.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Main NCDs and principal factors (roots) most contributing to their development. NCDs are caused by complex interactions between predisposing genetic traits with environmental factors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bilkey G.A., Burns B.L., Coles E.P., Mahede T., Baynam G., Nowak K.J. Optimizing Precision Medicine for Public Health. Front. Public Health. 2019;7:42. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00042. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kotze M.J., Lückhoff H.K., Peeters A.V., Baatjes K., Schoeman M., van der Merwe L., Grant K.A., Fisher L.R., van der Merwe N., Pretorius J., et al. Genomic medicine and risk prediction across the disease spectrum. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 2015;52:120–137. doi: 10.3109/10408363.2014.997930. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Dzau V.J., Balatbat C.A. Future of Hypertension. Hypertension. 2019;74:450–457. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13437. - DOI - PubMed
    1. World Health Organization, (WHO) Suicide. [(accessed on 2 September 2019)]; Available online: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/
    1. Cho N.H., Shaw J.E., Karuranga S., Huang Y., da Rocha Fernandes J.D., Ohlrogge A.W., Malanda B. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2018;138:271–281. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources