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. 2020 Feb 11;21(1):49.
doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-1291-8.

Trends in prevalence and incidence of chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2017

Min Xie  1   2 , Xiansheng Liu  1   2 , Xiaopei Cao  1   2 , Mingzhou Guo  1   2 , Xiaochen Li  3   4
Affiliations

Trends in prevalence and incidence of chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2017

Min Xie et al. Respir Res. .

Abstract

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are leading causes of morbidity worldwide. However, the spatial and temporal trends in prevalence and incidence of CRDs have not been estimated.

Methods: Based on data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017, we analyzed the prevalence and incidence trends of CRDs from 1990 to 2017 according to age, sex, region and disease pattern. Furthermore, the correlations between the incidence and the World Bank income levels, sociodemographic index (SDI), and human development index (HDI) levels were analyzed to assess the factors affecting incidence.

Result: The total number of CRD cases increased by 39.5% from 1990 to 2017, nevertheless, the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) showed decreasing trends. The ASIRs of CRD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumoconiosis, and asthma decreased, whereas the ASIR of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis increased during the past 27 years. Significant differences between males and females in the incidence rates of pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis were observed. Elderly people especially suffered from CRDs, except for asthma. For COPD, the ASIR decreased from low-SDI regions to high-SDI regions. The ASIR of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis in the high-SDI region was highest and have increased mostly. The ASIRs for pneumoconiosis and asthma were inversely related to the HDI.

Conclusions: In 2017, CRDs were still the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. A large proportion of the disease burden was attributed to asthma and COPD. The incidence rates of all four types of CRDs varied greatly across the world. Statistically significant correlation was found between the ASIR and SDI/HDI.

Keywords: Asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Chronic respiratory diseases; Global; Incidence.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) (a, b) including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (c), pneumoconiosis (d), asthma (e), and interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis (f) for both sexes (males and females). ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASPR, age-standardized prevalence rate; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The global incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for both sexes in 195 countries and territories. a The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of COPD for both sexes combined in 2017. b The relative percentage change in the ASIR of COPD for both sexes between 1990 and 2017. c The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the ASIR of COPD for both sexes from 1990 to 2017. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The global incidence rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (a), pneumoconiosis (b), asthma (c) and interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis (d) by age and sex in 2017. Shading shows 95% uncertainty intervals. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (a), pneumoconiosis (b), asthma (c) and interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis (d) by sociodemographic index (SDI) regions from 1990 to 2017. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; SDI, socio-demographic index
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The correlation between the human development index (HDI) and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (a), pneumoconiosis (b), asthma (c) and interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis (d) in 2017. HDI, human development index; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The global incidence of pneumoconiosis for both sexes in 195 conutries and territories. a The age-standardized incidence (ASIR) of pneumoconiosis for both sexes combinded in 2017. b The relative percentage change in the ASIR of pneumoconiosis for both sexes between 1990 and 2017. c The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the ASIR of pneumoconiosis for both sexes from 1990 to 2017. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The global incidence of asthma for both sexes in 195 conutries and territories. a The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of asthma for both sexes combinded in 2017. b The relative percentage change in the ASIR of asthma for both sexes between 1990 and 2017. c The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the ASIR of asthma for both sexes from 1990 to 2017. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
The global incidence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis for both sexes in 195 conutries and territories. a The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis for both sexes combinded in 2017. b The relative percentage change in the ASIR of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis for both sexes between 1990 and 2017. c The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in the ASIR of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis for both sexes from 1990 to 2017. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change
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