Critical appraisal of the impact of surgical repair of type II-IV paraoesophageal hernia (POH) on pulmonary improvement: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Paraoesophageal hernia (POH) comprising type II-IV hiatal hernia often presents with pulmonary symptoms such as shortness of breath. However, impact of surgical repair on improvement in pulmonary symptoms is unclear.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at characterising impact of POH repair on patient reported improvement in pulmonary symptoms.

Methods: This systematic review identified studies reported pulmonary symptoms in patients with undergoing surgical repair for Type II-IV POH from 1st January 2001 to 1st December 2018. Primary outcome was improvement in pulmonary symptoms. Secondary outcomes were improvement in other patient-reported outcomes such as heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and dysphagia and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes.

Results: This systematic review identified 27 studies (n = 4428 patients) reporting assessment of pulmonary symptoms. However, only 21 studies (n = 2902 patients) reported preoperative and postoperative pulmonary symptoms and hence these were included in the final meta-analysis. There was significant improvement in pulmonary symptoms following POH repair (OR: 8.40, CI_95%: 4.91-14.35, p < 0.001), with improvement in all types of POH. Rates of overall and major complications were 16% and 5%, respectively. Rates of conversion, 30-day mortality, reoperation and recurrence were 2%, 1% 4% and 12% respectively.

Conclusion: This review demonstrates that POH repair is associated with improvement in pulmonary symptoms with acceptable low laparoscopic conversion rates, morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates.

Keywords: Dyspnoea; Outcomes; Paraoesophageal hernia; Recurrence.