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. 2020 Feb 13;15(2):e0228921.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228921. eCollection 2020.

Salivary and serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis

Suteera Techatanawat  1 , Rudee Surarit  2 , Kongthawat Chairatvit  2 , Weerapan Khovidhunkit  3 , Sittiruk Roytrakul  4 , Supanee Thanakun  5   6 , Hiroaki Kobayashi  7 , Siribang-On Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit  8 , Yuichi Izumi  7   9
Affiliations

Salivary and serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-18 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis

Suteera Techatanawat et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Objective: Interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-18 have been proposed to play important roles in periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but human data are conflicting. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of IL-17A and IL-18 in periodontitis and DM by measuring salivary and serum levels, respectively.

Materials and methods: A total of 49 participants with type 2 DM and 25 control subjects without type 2 DM were recruited. A periodontal screening and recording (PSR) index (0, 1-2, 3, and 4) was used to classify whether these subjects had periodontitis. Salivary and serum IL-17A and IL-18 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between these cytokines and clinical parameters.

Results: Salivary IL-17A levels were not significantly different between patients with DM and controls, however, the levels were significantly higher in controls with periodontitis than those without periodontitis (p = 0.031). Salivary IL-17A levels were significantly associated with the PSR index (β = 0.369, p = 0.011). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed the association of salivary IL-18 levels and fasting plasma glucose (β = 0.270, p = 0.022) whereas serum IL-18 levels were associated with HbA1C (β = 0.293, p = 0.017). No correlation between salivary and serum levels of IL-17A and IL-18 was found.

Conclusion: Salivary IL-17A was strongly associated with periodontitis, whereas salivary IL-18 was associated with FPG and serum IL-18 was associated with HbA1C. These results suggest the role of these cytokines in periodontal inflammation and DM.

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Conflict of interest statement

This study was supported primarily by a grant to S. Techatanawat and S.P. Khovidhunkit from the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/45/2556), and the funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as all data and protocols underlying this study are shared, and the funding organization does not declare any bias towards particular study outcomes.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Study flowchart for subject recruitment and categorizations.
Fig 2
Fig 2
IL-17A and IL-18 levels of subjects categorized according to systemic (A-D) and periodontal health status (E-H). Salivary IL-17A (A and E); serum IL-17A (B and F); salivary IL-18 (C and G); serum IL-18 (D and H). Control: systemically healthy subjects; DM: subjects with type 2 DM; C-NP: control w/o periodontitis; C-P: control with periodontitis; DM-NP: type 2 DM w/o periodontitis; DM-P: type 2 DM with periodontitis. *Comparison between C-NP and C-P group was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Salivary IL-17A levels in all subjects categorized by PSR index.
Salivary IL-17A levels were significantly increased in subjects with PSR score 4.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Partial correlation between salivary and serum levels of IL-17A and IL-18 after adjustment for age and sex.
No significant correlation was revealed between salivary and serum levels of IL-17A and IL-18.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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