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Review
. 2020 Feb 11;8(1):4.
doi: 10.3390/jdb8010004.

Bu-M-P-ing Iron: How BMP Signaling Regulates Muscle Growth and Regeneration

Matthew J Borok  1   2 , Despoina Mademtzoglou  1   2 , Frederic Relaix  1   2   3   4   5
Affiliations
Review

Bu-M-P-ing Iron: How BMP Signaling Regulates Muscle Growth and Regeneration

Matthew J Borok et al. J Dev Biol. .

Abstract

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is best known for its role in promoting bone formation, however it has been shown to play important roles in both development and regeneration of many different tissues. Recent work has shown that the BMP proteins have a number of functions in skeletal muscle, from embryonic to postnatal development. Furthermore, complementary studies have recently demonstrated that specific components of the pathway are required for efficient muscle regeneration.

Keywords: TGFβ, stem cells; development; regeneration; satellite cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The BMP signaling pathway. Binding of the ligand to the type II receptor recruits the type I receptor and activates Smad 1/5/8 by phosphorylation. The later engages Smad4, which is shared with the TGFb pathway, and the complex translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription of target genes (e.g. Id). The pathway is blocked by several inhibitors (e.g. Noggin) as well as the inhibitory Smad6.
Figure 2
Figure 2
BMP effect on myogenesis. Fine tuning of BMP is essential for normal muscle growth. On one hand, BMP ensures muscle hypertrophy and its loss leads to muscle atrophy and wasting. On the other hand, hyperactive BMP leads to impaired regeneration and reduced fiber size post-injury. Furthermore, in culture and during development, inhibiting BMP is associated with increased myogenic differentiation, while excess Bmp blocks myogenic differentiation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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