Review

. 2020 May 1:177:58-66.

doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.02.003. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

From laboratory to clinic: Translation of extracellular vesicle based cancer biomarkers

Anudeep Yekula¹, Koushik Muralidharan², Keiko M Kang³, Lan Wang⁴, Leonora Balaj⁵, Bob S Carter⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: ayekula@mgh.harvard.edu.
² Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: KMURALIDHARAN@mgh.harvard.edu.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States. Electronic address: KMKANG@mgh.harvard.edu.
⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: LWANG60@mgh.harvard.edu.
⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: Balaj.Leonora@mgh.harvard.edu.
⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: BCARTER@mgh.harvard.edu.

PMID: 32061674
PMCID: PMC7198349
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.02.003

Review

From laboratory to clinic: Translation of extracellular vesicle based cancer biomarkers

Anudeep Yekula et al. Methods. 2020.

. 2020 May 1:177:58-66.

doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.02.003. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Authors

Anudeep Yekula¹, Koushik Muralidharan², Keiko M Kang³, Lan Wang⁴, Leonora Balaj⁵, Bob S Carter⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: ayekula@mgh.harvard.edu.
² Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: KMURALIDHARAN@mgh.harvard.edu.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States. Electronic address: KMKANG@mgh.harvard.edu.
⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: LWANG60@mgh.harvard.edu.
⁵ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: Balaj.Leonora@mgh.harvard.edu.
⁶ Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: BCARTER@mgh.harvard.edu.

PMID: 32061674
PMCID: PMC7198349
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.02.003

Abstract

The past decade has witnessed a rapid growth in the field of extracellular vesicle (EV) based biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. Several studies have reported novel EV based biomarkers, but the technical and clinical validation phase has been hampered by general challenges common to biomedical research field as well as specific challenges inherent to the nanoparticle field. This has led to more common failures than success stories in the biomarker discovery pipeline. As a result, more attention must be focused on the process of biomarker discovery, verification, and validation to allow for translation and application of novel EV based research to patient care. Herein, we briefly discuss the hurdles and potential solutions in EV biomarker discovery and verification and validation, and clinical translation.

Keywords: Biomarker discovery; Biomarker validation; Biomarkers; CLIA; Clinical translation; Extracellular vesicles.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

**Figure 1.**
Phases of EV based biomarker development pathway.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Roy S, Hochberg FH & Jones PS Extracellular vesicles: the growth as diagnostics and therapeutics; a survey. J Extracell Vesicles 7, 1438720 (2018). - PMC - PubMed
1. Zachariah MA, Oliveira-Costa JP, Carter BS, Stott SL & Nahed BV Blood-based biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of gliomas. Neuro. Oncol 20, 1155–1161 (2018). - PMC - PubMed
1. Roy S et al. Navigating the Landscape of Tumor Extracellular Vesicle Heterogeneity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, (2019). - PMC - PubMed
1. Yekula A et al. Large and small extracellular vesicles released by glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles vol. 9 1689784 (2020). - PMC - PubMed
1. van Niel G, D’Angelo G & Raposo G Shedding light on the cell biology of extracellular vesicles. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 19, 213–228 (2018). - PubMed

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From laboratory to clinic: Translation of extracellular vesicle based cancer biomarkers

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From laboratory to clinic: Translation of extracellular vesicle based cancer biomarkers

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