Oxidative stress, telomeres and cellular senescence: What non-drug interventions might break the link?

Abstract

Telomeres are higher order structures that cap and protect chromosome ends. Telomeric DNA naturally shortens during somatic cell division and as a result of oxidative stress. Excessive shortening disrupts the integrity of the telomere, causing cellular senescence, one of the hallmarks of organismal ageing. The accumulation of senescent cells with ageing contributes to the loss of tissue homeostasis and the development of age-related pathologies. Hence, counteracting telomere shortening may be one relevant approach to develop strategies for healthier ageing. In this review I present the case for the existence of a link between oxidative stress, accelerated telomere shortening and cellular senescence. I also examine findings from human observational studies exploring associations between telomere length and oxidative stress-related parameters. Finally, I discuss results from randomised control trials testing the impact of non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions on the maintenance of telomere length, considering the potential mechanisms that might be involved.

Keywords: Ageing; Diet; Lifestyle; Oxidative stress; Physical activity; Psychological stress; Senescence; Telomere; Weight loss.