Reaction Mechanisms of Layered Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials for High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Layered lithium-rich cathode materials have attracted extensive interest owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (320-350 mA h g^-1 ). However, poor cycling stability and sluggish reaction kinetics inhibit their practical applications. After many years of quiescence, interest in layered lithium-rich cathode materials is expected to revive in answer to our increasing dependence on high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we review recent research progress and in-depth descriptions of the structure characterization and reaction mechanisms of layered lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials. In particular, we comprehensively summarize the proposed reaction mechanisms of both the cationic redox reaction of transition-metal ions and the anionic redox reaction of oxygen species. Finally, we discuss opportunities and challenges facing the future development of lithium-rich cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Keywords: cathode materials; electrochemistry; lithium-ion batteries; lithium-rich transition metal oxides; reaction mechanisms.