Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Feb;6(1):44-50.
doi: 10.1002/cre2.246. Epub 2019 Sep 26.

Prediction of maxillary canine impaction based on panoramic radiographs

Raes Margot  1 , Cadenas De Llano-Pérula Maria  1 , Alqerban Ali  2 , Laenen Annouschka  3 , Verdonck Anna  1 , Willems Guy  1
Affiliations

Prediction of maxillary canine impaction based on panoramic radiographs

Raes Margot et al. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2020 Feb.

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this article is to establish a large sample-based prediction model for maxillary canine impaction based on linear and angular measurements on panoramic radiographs and to validate this model.

Materials and methods: All patients with at least two panoramic radiographs taken between the ages of 7 and 14 years with an interval of minimum 1 year and maximum 3 years (T1 and T2) were selected from the Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospital Leuven database. Linear and angular measurements were performed at T1. From 2361 records, 572 patients with unilateral or bilateral canine impaction were selected at T1. Of those, 306 patients were still untreated at T2 and were used as study sample. To construct the prediction model, logistic regression analysis was used.

Results: The parameters analyzed through backward selection procedure were canine to midline angle, canine to first premolar angle, canine cusp to midline distance, canine cusp to maxillary plane distance, sector, quadratic trends for continuous predictors, and all pairwise interactions. The final model was applied to calculate the likelihood of impaction and yielded an area under the curve equal to 0.783 (95% CI [0.742-0.823]). The cut-off point was fixed on 0.342 with a sensitivity of 0.800 and a specificity of 0.598. The cross-validated area under the curve was equal to 0.750 (95% CI [0.700, 0.799]).

Conclusion: The prediction model based on the above mentioned parameters measured on panoramic radiographs is a valuable tool to decide between early intervention and regular follow-up of impacted canines.

Keywords: cuspid; impacted tooth; panoramic radiography; predictor.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors certify no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Panoramic radiograph illustrating the sector of the canine. A modification of Ericson and Kurol's method was used. (b) Panoramic radiograph illustrating the angular measurements of the canine position in degrees, with (A) angle of maxillary canine to midline, (B) angle of maxillary canine to first premolar and linear measurements in millimeters with (C) canine cusp to midline distance, and (D) canine cusp to maxillary plane distance
Figure 2
Figure 2
Receiver operating characteristic curve based on the multiple logistic regression analysis. It represents the sensitivity and (one minus) specificity of all possible classifications using different cut‐offs for the predicted probability of maxillary canine impaction. The optimal cut‐off point of probability is equal to.342 with a sensitivity of 80 % and a specificity of 59.8%
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Al‐Nimri, K. , & Gharaibeh, T. (2005). Space conditions and dental and occlusal features in patients with palatally impacted maxillary canines: An aetiological study. Eur J Orthod., 27(5), 461–465. 10.1093/ejo/cji022 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alqerban, A. , Aly, M. , Fieuws, S. , Jacobs, R. , Swinnen, S. , van Keirsbilck, P. J. , & Willems, G. (2014). The effect of using CBCT in the diagnosis of canine impaction and its impact on the orthodontic treatment outcome. J Orthod Sci., 3(2), 34–40. 10.4103/2278-0203.132911 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alqerban, A. , Hedesiu, M. , Baciut, M. , Nackaerts, O. , Jacobs, R. , Fieuws, S. , … Willems, G. (2013). Pre‐surgical treatment planning of maxillary canine impactions using panoramic vs cone beam CT imaging. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol., 42(9), 20130157 10.1259/dmfr.20130157 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alqerban, A. , Jacobs, R. , Fieuws, S. , Nackaerts, O. , & Willems, G. (2011). Comparison of 6 cone‐beam computed tomography systems for image quality and detection of simulated canine impaction‐induced external root resorption in maxillary lateral incisors. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop., 140(3), 129–139. - PubMed
    1. Alqerban, A. , Jacobs, R. , Fieuws, S. , & Willems, G. (2015). Radiographic predictors for maxillary canine impaction. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop., 147(3), 345–354. 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.11.018 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms