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. 2020 Feb 11;6(2):e03323.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03323. eCollection 2020 Feb.

Green synthesis of Copper Oxide/Carbon nanocomposites using the leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica Nees, their characterization and antimicrobial activity

P G Bhavyasree  1   2   3 , T S Xavier  2   3
Affiliations

Green synthesis of Copper Oxide/Carbon nanocomposites using the leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica Nees, their characterization and antimicrobial activity

P G Bhavyasree et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Copper Oxide/Carbon (CuO/C) nanocomposites were developed through the green method using the leaf extract of Adhatoda vasica at room temperature. Here, the leaf extract serves as a capping agent, reducing agent and a source of carbon for the formation of nanocomposites. As we know, this is the first article on the synthesis of CuO/C nanocomposites using this leaf extract. The nanocomposites were prepared by mixing the copper sulphate pentahydrate solution with the plant extract under certain conditions. The synthesized material was characterized by XRD, UV-Visible, FTIR, FE SEM, EDS, XPS and TGA. The results revealed that the synthesized material is a composite of copper oxide and functionalized graphene-like carbon. The SEM images indicated that the CuO/C nanoflakes had an average thickness of 7-11nm. Further, the composites were examined for antifungal activity and antibacterial activity. The nanocomposites showed significant antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal activity against the fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Also, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal/Bactericidal Concentration (MFC/MBC) of the nanocomposites were determined against the fungus C. albicans and the bacteria K. pneumonia.

Keywords: Adhatoda vasica; Antimicrobial activity; Copper oxide/Carbon nano composites; Green synthesis; Materials science; Plant extract.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The UV-visible spectrum of CuO/C nanocomposites.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Powder XRD spectrum of CuO/C nanocomposites
Figure 3
Figure 3
FTIR spectrum of Adhatoda vasica leaves and CuO/C nanocomposites
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images of CuO/C nanocomposites obtained (a) under magnification of 25000 (b) under magnification of 50000 (c) under magnification of 150000 (d) under magnification of 150000 and labelled with porosity and flake thickness.
Figure 5
Figure 5
EDS profile of CuO/C nanocomposites
Figure 6
Figure 6
XPS signals of Cu2p.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Deconvoluted XPS signal of C1s.
Figure 8
Figure 8
XPS signals of O1s.
Figure 9
Figure 9
TGA curve exhibiting weight loss (mg)against temperature under an air atmosphere.
Figure 10
Figure 10
TGA curve exhibiting weight loss (mg)against temperature under nitrogen atmosphere.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Photographs showing the zones of inhibition against the bacteria (a). E. coli (b). P. aeruginosa (c). K. pneumoniae (d). S. aureus and (e). S. mutans.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Photographs showing the zones of inhibition against the fungi (a). A. niger and (b). C. albicans.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Photographs showing the antibacterial activity of (a) control and CuO/C nanocomposites in different concentrations (b) 0.0625 mg/ml (c) 0.125 mg/ml(d) 0.250 mg/ml (e) 0.5 mg/ml (f) 1.0 mg/ml (g)1.5 mg/ml (h) 2.0 mg/ml against the bacteria K. pneumonia.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Photographs showing the antifungal activity of (a) control and CuO/C nanocomposites in different concentrations (b) 0.0625 mg/ml (c) 0.125 mg/ml(d) 0.250 mg/ml (e) 0.5 mg/ml (f) 1.0 mg/ml (g)1.5 mg/ml (h) 2.0 mg/ml against the fungus C. albicans.
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