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Review
. 2020 Mar;51(3):711-718.
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.024157. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Inflammation, Autoimmunity, Infection, and Stroke: Epidemiology and Lessons From Therapeutic Intervention

Neal S Parikh  1   2   3 , Alexander E Merkler  2   3 , Costantino Iadecola  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Inflammation, Autoimmunity, Infection, and Stroke: Epidemiology and Lessons From Therapeutic Intervention

Neal S Parikh et al. Stroke. 2020 Mar.
No abstract available

Keywords: adaptive immunity; biomarker; cytokines; inflammation; interleukin; stroke.

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Figures

Figure.
Figure.. Putative mechanisms of increased ischemic stroke risk in autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases
Autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases share overlapping mechanisms that may contribute to an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Apart from cerebral vasculitis, autoimmune disorders contribute to ischemic stroke risk through multiple mechanisms. Increased systemic inflammation may itself increase stroke risk and magnify the effect of conventional stroke risk factors, which are common comorbidities in individuals with autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of autoimmune disorders often involves the use of glucocorticoids, which may worsen control of conventional stroke risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. Similarly, some infectious diseases contribute to ischemic stroke through infectious cerebral vasculitis. Infectious diseases, especially chronic diseases, also contribute to systemic inflammation and are associated with a higher burden of conventional stroke risk factors, such as atherosclerosis in the case of human immunodeficiency virus.
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