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. 2020 Jan;32(108):11-20.
doi: 10.22038/ijorl.2019.37555.2229.

The Relation between Hearing Loss and Smoking among Workers Exposed to Noise, Using Linear Mixed Models

Fatemeh Khaldari  1 , Narges Khanjani  2 , Abbas Bahrampour  1 , Mohammad Reza Ghotbi Ravandi  3 , Ali Asghar Arabi Mianroodi  4
Affiliations

The Relation between Hearing Loss and Smoking among Workers Exposed to Noise, Using Linear Mixed Models

Fatemeh Khaldari et al. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jan.

Abstract

Introduction: Noise is one of the most common and harmful physical factors in the working environment and has physical and psychological effects on individuals. In this study, the audiometry results of industrial workers were modeled and the effect of noise and other factors on hearing loss was examined.

Materials and methods: This was a longitudinal study based on the records of workers who had worked over 10 years in the industry and had recorded audiometries since their employment. Data was analyzed through linear mixed models.

Results: During each year of noise exposure, hearing loss was 1.9 db at 4000 Hz; 0.059 in low frequencies and 0.62 db in high frequencies. At 8000 Hz the effect of the age at employment on hearing loss was significant (P=0.014). At low frequencies the interaction of smoking and age at employment was significantly related to hearing loss (P˂0.001).

Conclusion: This study showed that despite acquaintance with safety measures, workers still face hearing loss in industry and employers should put workers under more surveillance for using protective gear. Smoking might be another risk factor for hearing loss.

Keywords: Hearing Loss; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Noise-Induced.

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Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
The average hearing threshold at different periods of work experience (exposure)
Fig 2
Fig 2
The relation between hearing threshold at 4000 Hz and work experience
Fig 3
Fig 3
Hearing threshold variations at 4000 Hz for each person in relation to work experience (Spaghetti Graph)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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