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. 2020 May;107(6):636-646.
doi: 10.1002/bjs.11488. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Efficacy of antireflux surgery in children with or without neurological impairment: a systematic review

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Efficacy of antireflux surgery in children with or without neurological impairment: a systematic review

P S Cullis et al. Br J Surg. 2020 May.

Abstract

Background: Antireflux surgery is commonly performed in children, yet evidence for its efficacy is limited. The aim of this review was to determine the effect of antireflux surgery with regard to objective measures of quality of life (QoL) and value of upper gastrointestinal investigations in neurologically normal (NN) and neurologically impaired (NI) children.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted of articles reporting children undergoing antireflux surgery in whom preoperative and postoperative objective testing was performed. Primarily, Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from inception to April 2019. Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria were used to assess article quality.

Results: Of 789 articles, 14 met the eligibility criteria, 12 prospective observational and 2 retrospective studies. The median MINORS score was 59·4 (i.q.r. 39 to 62·5) per cent. Seven studies reported assessment of validated QoL measures before and after antireflux surgery in 148 children. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 180 months. All studies confirmed significant improvements in QoL measures among NN and NI children at all follow-up points. Eleven studies reported on preoperative and postoperative investigations in between 416 and 440 children children. Follow-up ranged from 0·5 to 180 months. Nine studies confirmed improvements in gastro-oesophageal reflux using 24-h oesophageal pH monitoring with or without manometry, but conflicting results were identified for four studies reporting gastric emptying. No studies reported fluoroscopy or endoscopy adequately.

Conclusion: Based on the results of studies of low-to-moderate quality, antireflux surgery improved QoL and reduced oesophageal acid exposure in NN and NI children in the short and medium term. Although antireflux surgery is a common elective operation, the lack of rigorous preoperative and postoperative evaluation(s) in the majority of patient-reported studies is striking.

Antecedentes: La cirugía antirreflujo (antireflux surgery, ARS) se realiza con frecuencia en niños, aunque la evidencia sobre su eficacia es limitada. Nos propusimos determinar la eficacia de la ARS con respecto a medidas objetivas de calidad de vida (quality of life, QoL) y la utilidad de las exploraciones del tracto gastrointestinal superior en niños con funciones neurológicas normales (neurologically normal, NN) y con discapacidad neurológica (neurologically impaired, NI). MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática (de acuerdo con la normativa PRISMA) de artículos que describiesen series de niños sometidos a ARS en los que se realizaron pruebas objetivas preoperatorias y postoperatorias. Principalmente, se efectuó una búsqueda en EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline y Pubmed desde un comienzo hasta 04/19. La calidad de los artículos se evaluó siguiendo los criterios MINORS.

Resultados: De 789 artículos, 14 reunían los criterios de elegibilidad - 12 estudios observacionales prospectivos y 2 estudios retrospectivos. La mediana de la puntuación MINORS fue de 59,4 % (rango intercuartílico 23,4%). Siete estudios describieron la evaluación de medidas de QoL validadas antes y después de ARS en 148 niños. El seguimiento varió de 1 a 180 meses. Todos los estudios confirmaron mejorías significativas en medidas de QoL en los niños NN y NI en todos los puntos del seguimiento. Once estudios describieron sobre las investigaciones preoperatorias y postoperatorias en 507 niños. El seguimiento oscilaba de 0,5 a 180 meses. Nueve estudios confirmaron mejorías en el reflujo gastroesofágico utilizando la monitorización del pH esofágico de 24 horas +/- manometría, pero los resultados eran contradictorios en 3 estudios que evaluaron el vaciamiento gástrico. Ningún estudio describió de forma adecuada los datos de la fluoroscopia o endoscopia. CONCLUSIÓN: De los estudios identificados de baja o moderada calidad, en un seguimiento a corto y medio plazo, la ARS mejora la QoL y reduce la exposición del esófago al ácido en niños NN y niños NI. A pesar de que la ARS es una cirugía electiva habitual, es llamativa la falta de evaluaciones preoperatorias y postoperatorias rigurosas en la mayoría de los estudios de pacientes.

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