Time-Integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 Years of IceCube Data

M G Aartsen¹, M Ackermann², J Adams¹, J A Aguilar³, M Ahlers⁴, M Ahrens⁵, C Alispach⁶, K Andeen⁷, T Anderson⁸, I Ansseau³, G Anton⁹, C Argüelles¹⁰, J Auffenberg¹¹, S Axani¹⁰, P Backes¹¹, H Bagherpour¹, X Bai¹², A Balagopal¹³, A Barbano⁶, S W Barwick¹⁴, B Bastian², V Baum¹⁵, S Baur³, R Bay¹⁶, J J Beatty^{17

18}, K-H Becker¹⁹, J Becker Tjus²⁰, S BenZvi²¹, D Berley²², E Bernardini², D Z Besson²³, G Binder^{16

24}, D Bindig¹⁹, E Blaufuss²², S Blot², C Bohm⁵, M Börner²⁵, S Böser¹⁵, O Botner²⁶, J Böttcher¹¹, E Bourbeau⁴, J Bourbeau²⁷, F Bradascio², J Braun²⁷, S Bron⁶, J Brostean-Kaiser², A Burgman²⁶, J Buscher¹¹, R S Busse²⁸, T Carver⁶, C Chen²⁹, E Cheung²², D Chirkin²⁷, S Choi³⁰, K Clark³¹, L Classen²⁸, A Coleman³², G H Collin¹⁰, J M Conrad¹⁰, P Coppin³³, P Correa³³, D F Cowen^{34

8}, R Cross²¹, P Dave²⁹, C De Clercq³³, J J DeLaunay⁸, H Dembinski³², K Deoskar⁵, S De Ridder³⁵, P Desiati²⁷, K D de Vries³³, G de Wasseige³³, M de With³⁶, T DeYoung³⁷, A Diaz¹⁰, J C Díaz-Vélez²⁷, H Dujmovic¹³, M Dunkman⁸, E Dvorak¹², B Eberhardt²⁷, T Ehrhardt¹⁵, P Eller⁸, R Engel¹³, P A Evenson³², S Fahey²⁷, A R Fazely³⁸, J Felde²², K Filimonov¹⁶, C Finley⁵, D Fox³⁴, A Franckowiak², E Friedman²², A Fritz¹⁵, T K Gaisser³², J Gallagher³⁹, E Ganster¹¹, S Garrappa², L Gerhardt²⁴, K Ghorbani²⁷, T Glauch⁴⁰, T Glüsenkamp⁹, A Goldschmidt²⁴, J G Gonzalez³², D Grant³⁷, Z Griffith²⁷, S Griswold²¹, M Günder¹¹, M Gündüz²⁰, C Haack¹¹, A Hallgren²⁶, R Halliday³⁷, L Halve¹¹, F Halzen²⁷, K Hanson²⁷, A Haungs¹³, D Hebecker³⁶, D Heereman³, P Heix¹¹, K Helbing¹⁹, R Hellauer²², F Henningsen⁴⁰, S Hickford¹⁹, J Hignight⁴¹, G C Hill⁴², K D Hoffman²², R Hoffmann¹⁹, T Hoinka²⁵, B Hokanson-Fasig²⁷, K Hoshina²⁷, F Huang⁸, M Huber⁴⁰, T Huber^{13

2}, K Hultqvist⁵, M Hünnefeld²⁵, R Hussain²⁷, S In³⁰, N Iovine³, A Ishihara⁴³, G S Japaridze⁴⁴, M Jeong³⁰, K Jero²⁷, B J P Jones⁴⁵, F Jonske¹¹, R Joppe¹¹, D Kang¹³, W Kang³⁰, A Kappes²⁸, D Kappesser¹⁵, T Karg², M Karl⁴⁰, A Karle²⁷, U Katz⁹, M Kauer²⁷, J L Kelley²⁷, A Kheirandish²⁷, J Kim³⁰, T Kintscher², J Kiryluk⁴⁶, T Kittler⁹, S R Klein^{16

24}, R Koirala³², H Kolanoski³⁶, L Köpke¹⁵, C Kopper³⁷, S Kopper⁴⁷, D J Koskinen⁴, M Kowalski^{36

2}, K Krings⁴⁰, G Krückl¹⁵, N Kulacz⁴¹, N Kurahashi⁴⁸, A Kyriacou⁴², M Labare³⁵, J L Lanfranchi⁸, M J Larson²², F Lauber¹⁹, J P Lazar²⁷, K Leonard²⁷, A Leszczyńska¹³, M Leuermann¹¹, Q R Liu²⁷, E Lohfink¹⁵, C J Lozano Mariscal²⁸, L Lu⁴³, F Lucarelli⁶, J Lünemann³³, W Luszczak²⁷, Y Lyu^{16

24}, W Y Ma², J Madsen⁴⁹, G Maggi³³, K B M Mahn³⁷, Y Makino⁴³, P Mallik¹¹, K Mallot²⁷, S Mancina²⁷, I C Mariş³, R Maruyama⁵⁰, K Mase⁴³, H S Matis²⁴, R Maunu²², F McNally⁵¹, K Meagher²⁷, M Medici⁴, A Medina¹⁸, M Meier²⁵, S Meighen-Berger⁴⁰, T Menne²⁵, G Merino²⁷, T Meures³, J Micallef³⁷, D Mockler³, G Momenté¹⁵, T Montaruli⁶, R W Moore⁴¹, R Morse²⁷, M Moulai¹⁰, P Muth¹¹, R Nagai⁴³, U Naumann¹⁹, G Neer³⁷, H Niederhausen⁴⁰, M U Nisa³⁷, S C Nowicki³⁷, D R Nygren²⁴, A Obertacke Pollmann¹⁹, M Oehler¹³, A Olivas²², A O'Murchadha³, E O'Sullivan⁵, T Palczewski^{16

24}, H Pandya³², D V Pankova⁸, N Park²⁷, P Peiffer¹⁵, C Pérez de Los Heros²⁶, S Philippen¹¹, D Pieloth²⁵, E Pinat³, A Pizzuto²⁷, M Plum⁷, A Porcelli³⁵, P B Price¹⁶, G T Przybylski²⁴, C Raab³, A Raissi¹, M Rameez⁴, L Rauch², K Rawlins⁵², I C Rea⁴⁰, R Reimann¹¹, B Relethford⁴⁸, M Renschler¹³, G Renzi³, E Resconi⁴⁰, W Rhode²⁵, M Richman⁴⁸, S Robertson²⁴, M Rongen¹¹, C Rott³⁰, T Ruhe²⁵, D Ryckbosch³⁵, D Rysewyk³⁷, I Safa²⁷, S E Sanchez Herrera³⁷, A Sandrock²⁵, J Sandroos¹⁵, M Santander⁴⁷, S Sarkar⁵³, S Sarkar⁴¹, K Satalecka², M Schaufel¹¹, H Schieler¹³, P Schlunder²⁵, T Schmidt²², A Schneider²⁷, J Schneider⁹, F G Schröder^{13

32}, L Schumacher¹¹, S Sclafani⁴⁸, D Seckel³², S Seunarine⁴⁹, S Shefali¹¹, M Silva²⁷, R Snihur²⁷, J Soedingrekso²⁵, D Soldin³², M Song²², G M Spiczak⁴⁹, C Spiering², J Stachurska², M Stamatikos¹⁸, T Stanev³², R Stein², P Steinmüller¹³, J Stettner¹¹, A Steuer¹⁵, T Stezelberger²⁴, R G Stokstad²⁴, A Stößl⁴³, N L Strotjohann², T Stürwald¹¹, T Stuttard⁴, G W Sullivan²², I Taboada²⁹, F Tenholt²⁰, S Ter-Antonyan³⁸, A Terliuk², S Tilav³², K Tollefson³⁷, L Tomankova²⁰, C Tönnis⁵⁴, S Toscano³, D Tosi²⁷, A Trettin², M Tselengidou⁹, C F Tung²⁹, A Turcati⁴⁰, R Turcotte¹³, C F Turley⁸, B Ty²⁷, E Unger²⁶, M A Unland Elorrieta²⁸, M Usner², J Vandenbroucke²⁷, W Van Driessche³⁵, D van Eijk²⁷, N van Eijndhoven³³, S Vanheule³⁵, J van Santen², M Vraeghe³⁵, C Walck⁵, A Wallace⁴², M Wallraff¹¹, N Wandkowsky²⁷, T B Watson⁴⁵, C Weaver⁴¹, A Weindl¹³, M J Weiss⁸, J Weldert¹⁵, C Wendt²⁷, J Werthebach²⁷, B J Whelan⁴², N Whitehorn⁵⁵, K Wiebe¹⁵, C H Wiebusch¹¹, L Wille²⁷, D R Williams⁴⁷, L Wills⁴⁸, M Wolf⁴⁰, J Wood²⁷, T R Wood⁴¹, K Woschnagg¹⁶, G Wrede⁹, D L Xu²⁷, X W Xu³⁸, Y Xu⁴⁶, J P Yanez⁴¹, G Yodh¹⁴, S Yoshida⁴³, T Yuan²⁷, M Zöcklein¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
² DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
³ Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
⁴ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁵ Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
⁶ Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
⁷ Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA.
⁸ Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
⁹ Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
¹⁰ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
¹¹ III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
¹² Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA.
¹³ Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
¹⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
¹⁵ Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
¹⁶ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
²⁰ Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
²¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
²² Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
²³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
²⁴ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
²⁵ Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
²⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
²⁷ Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
²⁸ Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
²⁹ School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
³⁰ Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
³¹ SNOLAB, 1039 Regional Road 24, Creighton Mine 9, Lively, Ontario, Canada P3Y 1N2.
³² Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
³³ Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
³⁴ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
³⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
³⁶ Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
³⁷ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
³⁸ Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
³⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
⁴⁰ Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
⁴¹ Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1.
⁴² Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
⁴³ Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
⁴⁴ CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA.
⁴⁵ Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
⁴⁸ Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA.
⁵⁰ Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA.
⁵² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
⁵³ Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
⁵⁴ Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
⁵⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

PMID: 32083934
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.051103

Free article

Time-Integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 Years of IceCube Data

M G Aartsen et al. Phys Rev Lett. 2020.

Free article

. 2020 Feb 7;124(5):051103.

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.051103.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
² DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.
³ Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
⁴ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁵ Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
⁶ Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland.
⁷ Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA.
⁸ Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
⁹ Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
¹⁰ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
¹¹ III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
¹² Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA.
¹³ Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
¹⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
¹⁵ Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
¹⁶ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
²⁰ Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
²¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
²² Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
²³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.
²⁴ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
²⁵ Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
²⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
²⁷ Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
²⁸ Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
²⁹ School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA.
³⁰ Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
³¹ SNOLAB, 1039 Regional Road 24, Creighton Mine 9, Lively, Ontario, Canada P3Y 1N2.
³² Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.
³³ Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
³⁴ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
³⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
³⁶ Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
³⁷ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
³⁸ Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
³⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
⁴⁰ Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
⁴¹ Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1.
⁴² Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia.
⁴³ Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
⁴⁴ CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA.
⁴⁵ Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
⁴⁷ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
⁴⁸ Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA.
⁵⁰ Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA.
⁵² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA.
⁵³ Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
⁵⁴ Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
⁵⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

PMID: 32083934
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.051103

Abstract

This Letter presents the results from pointlike neutrino source searches using ten years of IceCube data collected between April 6, 2008 and July 10, 2018. We evaluate the significance of an astrophysical signal from a pointlike source looking for an excess of clustered neutrino events with energies typically above ∼1 TeV among the background of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. We perform a full-sky scan, a search within a selected source catalog, a catalog population study, and three stacked Galactic catalog searches. The most significant point in the northern hemisphere from scanning the sky is coincident with the Seyfert II galaxy NGC 1068, which was included in the source catalog search. The excess at the coordinates of NGC 1068 is inconsistent with background expectations at the level of 2.9σ after accounting for statistical trials from the entire catalog. The combination of this result along with excesses observed at the coordinates of three other sources, including TXS 0506+056, suggests that, collectively, correlations with sources in the northern catalog are inconsistent with background at 3.3σ significance. The southern catalog is consistent with background. These results, all based on searches for a cumulative neutrino signal integrated over the 10 years of available data, motivate further study of these and similar sources, including time-dependent analyses, multimessenger correlations, and the possibility of stronger evidence with coming upgrades to the detector.

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Time-Integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 Years of IceCube Data

Affiliations

Time-Integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 Years of IceCube Data

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

LinkOut - more resources

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