ELL-associated factors EAF1/2 negatively regulate HIV-1 transcription through inhibition of Super Elongation Complex formation
- PMID: 32087315
- DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194508
ELL-associated factors EAF1/2 negatively regulate HIV-1 transcription through inhibition of Super Elongation Complex formation
Abstract
The ELL (ELL1 and ELL2)-containing Super Elongation Complex (SEC) is required for efficient HIV-1 transactivation by the viral-encoded Tat protein. EAF1 and EAF2 are ELL-associated factors and considered as positive regulators of ELL. However, their role in HIV-1 transcriptional control is unknown. In this study, we show that EAF1/2 inhibit the SEC-dependent and Tat-activated HIV-1 transcription. EAF1/2 are found to interact with the SEC components in an ELL1/2-dependent manner. Surprisingly, the depletion of EAF1/2 increases the SEC formation and occupancy on the HIV-1 proviral DNA, thereby stimulating Tat transactivation of HIV-1. Although EAF1/2 interact with members of the SEC in a ELL-dependent manner, this interaction competes with the binding of the scaffolding subunit AFF1 with ELL, thus reducing the SEC formation. Together, these data reveal how EAF1/2 regulate the SEC formation to control HIV-1 transcription.
Keywords: EAF; ELL2; HIV-1 transcription; Super Elongation Complex; Tat.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Conflict of interest statement
Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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