The content and meaning of war experiences: A qualitative study of trauma and resilience among Liberian young refugees in Ghana

Abstract

Abundant research has shown that traumatic war experiences can interfere with the mental health and wellbeing of children and adolescents, but less is known about the subjective experiences and views of war survivors. The present study identified and described the different types of war experiences of young refugees in an African context and analyzed how they perceived the meanings and impact of war on their lives. The participants were 13 Liberian 25-35-year-old male and female refugees living in Ghana who agreed to take part in semi-structured interviews based on the life history approach. The transcripts were analyzed using a phenomenological method to detect themes incorporating multiple subthemes. The results revealed five main themes about war experiences, all negative in nature: pain and humiliation, loss of close relationships, horrific scenes, threats to life, and fleeing for one's life. Concerning the perceived meanings and impact of war, the results identified six main themes. Three of them were positive in nature: increased awareness of life, compassion for life, and identification with those suffering. The negative main themes incorporated vivid horrific memories, deprivation of age-appropriate opportunities, and self-harm and destructive behavior. Our findings suggest that young war survivors may be highly motivated to participate in nation- and peace-building and should be provided opportunities to contribute to broader political and civic life.

Keywords: Liberia; meaning of traumatic experiences; qualitative study; refugees; war trauma; young adults.