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. 2019 Dec 31:2019:7607031.
doi: 10.1155/2019/7607031. eCollection 2019.

Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Studies on Fruit-Skin Ethanol Extract of Annona muricata

Wisdom O Iyanda-Joel  1 , Olusayo B Ajetunmobi  1 , Shalom N Chinedu  1 , Emeka E J Iweala  1 , Oluwatobi S Adegbite  2
Affiliations

Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Studies on Fruit-Skin Ethanol Extract of Annona muricata

Wisdom O Iyanda-Joel et al. J Toxicol. .

Abstract

Uncontrolled cell proliferation hallmarks cancer and most cancer cells have developed multiple resistance to the drugs employed for their treatment. The study examined the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the fruit-skin ethanol extract of Annona muricata Linn. (ESA) and its effect on rat liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). Qualitative phytochemical study and antioxidant assays were carried out following established protocols while the opening of the MMPT pore in the presence of varying concentrations of the extract was assayed spectrophotometrically under succinate-energized conditions. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and spermine were used to trigger and inhibit pore opening respectively. Cytochrome c release was assayed for using ELISA kit. Terpenoids, steroids, phenols among other phytochemicals were found present in ESA and the extract showed very low antioxidant properties at the tested concentrations based on the diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. Lipid peroxidation was induced in a concentration-dependent manner on both the cytosolic and mitochondrial hepatocyte fractions in vitro. In the absence of CaCl2 0.84 mg/mL concentration of ESA induced MMPT pore opening by 129% while the extracts showed no inhibitory activity in its presence. The induction fold corresponded with the concentrations of cytochrome c released. The fruit-skin ethanol extract of Annona muricata at certain concentrations may possibly contain bioactive compounds that induce apoptosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Annona muricata fruit on the tree.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chart showing the chromatographic separation of the crude 95% ethanol fruit-skin extract of Annona muricata.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ethanol fruit-skin extract of Annona muricata.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Extent of lipid peroxidation in the hepatocytosolic fraction in vitro.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Extent of lipid peroxidation in hepatic mitochondrial fraction in vitro.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Changes in absorbance (540 nm) over 12 min of assessing mitochondrial permeability transition in rat liver mitochondria (control). NTA: no triggering agent; TA: triggering agent; INH: inhibitor (spermine).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Changes in absorbance (540 nm) for 12 minutes of assessing mitochondrial permeability transition in rat liver mitochondrial fraction treated with varying concentrations of ethanol fruit-skin extract of Annona muricata in the absence of calcium. NTA: no triggering agent; TA: triggering agent; INH: inhibitor (spermine).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Changes in absorbance (540 nm) for 12 minutes of assessing mitochondrial permeability transition in rat liver mitochondria treated with varying concentrations of ethanol fruit-skin extract of Annona muricata in the presence of calcium. NTA: no triggering agent; TA: triggering agent; INH: inhibitor (spermine).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Release of cytochrome c.
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