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. 2019 Apr 30;3(1):22-30.
doi: 10.1159/000498922. eCollection 2019 Jan-Apr.

Passive Monitoring at Home: A Pilot Study in Parkinson Disease

Zachary Kabelac  1 , Christopher G Tarolli  2   3 , Christopher Snyder  3 , Blake Feldman  3 , Alistair Glidden  3 , Chen-Yu Hsu  1 , Rumen Hristov  1 , E Ray Dorsey  3 , Dina Katabi  1
Affiliations

Passive Monitoring at Home: A Pilot Study in Parkinson Disease

Zachary Kabelac et al. Digit Biomark. .

Abstract

We conducted a pilot study using a passive radio-wave-based home monitor in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) with a focus on gait, home activity, and time in bed. We enrolled 7 ambulatory individuals to have the device installed in the bedroom of their homes over 8 weeks and performed standard PD assessments at baseline. We evaluated the ability of the device to objectively measure gait and time in bed and to generate novel visualizations of home activity. We captured 353 days of monitoring. Mean gait speed (0.39-0.78 m/s), time in bed per day (4.4-12.1 h), and number (1.4-5.9) and duration (15.0-49.8 min) of nightly awakenings varied substantially across and within individuals. Derived gait speed correlated well with the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale total (r = -0.88, p = 0.009) and motor sub-score (r = -0.95, p = 0.001). Six of the seven participants agreed that their activity was typical and indicated a willingness to continue monitoring. This technology provided promising new insights into the home activities of those with PD and may be broadly applicable to other chronic conditions.

Keywords: Gait speed; Parkinson disease; Quality of life; Sleep disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

Z.K., C.S., A.G., C.-Y.H., and R.H. report no disclosures related to this paper. C.G.T. has received honoraria for speaking at American Academy of Neurology courses; research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, American Academy of Neurology Institute, and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health. B.F. has received research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation. E.R.D. has received honoraria for speaking at American Academy of Neurology courses; received compensation for consulting activities from 23 and Me, Clintrex, GlaxoSmithKline, Grand Rounds, Lundbeck, MC10, MedAvante, Medico Legal services, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Shire, Teva, and UCB; research support from AMC Health, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Davis Phinney Foundation, Duke University, Glaxo­SmithKline, Great Lakes Neurotechnologies, Greater Rochester Health Foundation, Huntington Study Group, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, National Science Foundation, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Prana Biotechnology, Raptor Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Safra Foundation, and the University of California Irvine; and stock options from Grand Rounds. D.K. has received research support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation, Novartis, and LEO Pharma.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Emerald radio-wave-sensing device installed at home (green box).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Novel visualizations of participant activity at home and in bed derived from data collected by Emerald. a Movement visualizations superimposed on a schematic of the home (Participant 2). Left – continuous segment of motion over 3 h. Right – heat map showing the proportion of time spent throughout the monitored space over 24 h. b Location in the space over the entire monitoring period for Participant 2. Each monitored day is represented as a concentric circle (day 1 at center, day 56 outside) with location around each circle representing time of day (0 = midnight). c Time and motion in bed detected by Emerald among 6 participants. Each monitored day is represented as a concentric circle (day 1 at center, day 56 outside) with location around each circle representing time of day (0 = midnight). Blue, time in bed; red, major change in position in bed (e.g., sitting up, arising); white, time out of bed. Mean time in bed per day and score on the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) are also shown for each participant.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Participant opinions on ease, safety, and privacy of monitoring using the Emerald device.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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