Can arterial elasticity be estimated from heart rate variability response to paced 0.066 Hz sighing?

Abstract

Arterial elasticity is an important indicator of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is influenced by both gradual vessel wall damage due to aging and disease and vascular tone that responds, at the moment, to system loading. Measuring changes in arterial elasticity are critical to early detection of CVD but can be time and resource intensive. This study proposes and tests a new method to approximate arterial elasticity from heart rate variability (HRV). ECG and pulse were simultaneously recording in 71 young healthy adults during three rhythmical sighing tasks paced at 0.02, 0.033, and 0.066 Hz. We evaluated arterial elasticity by measuring the reaction of pulse transit time (PTT) and RRI to each task specifically at the pacing frequency. The goal of the study was to describe our method, ground the methodology in current theory and mechanisms, and scientifically justify and validate this method by assessing differences in arterial elasticity in groups of healthy adults who differed in drinking behaviors. The amplitude PTT and HR oscillation responses at the pacing frequency were significantly correlated only when sighing was paced at 0.066 Hz. Both amplitudes also significantly correlated with power in the very low-frequency range of the baseline HRV spectrum. Abnormalities in these measures were observed among binge drinking healthy adults compared to non-drinkers and social drinkers. These preliminary results support using the HRV response to paced 0.066 Hz sighing as a correlate of arterial elasticity and warrant further study.

Keywords: arterial elasticity; baroreflex; pulse transit time variability; rhythmical stimulation; sighing; vascular tone.