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. 2020 Feb 24;8(2):41.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8020041.

Improvement Effect of Lotus Leaf Flavonoids on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Tongji Liu  1   2   3   4 , Fang Tan  5 , Xingyao Long  1   2   3 , Yanni Pan  1   2   3 , Jianfei Mu  1   2   3 , Xianrong Zhou  1   2   3 , Runkun Yi  1   2   3 , Xin Zhao  1   2   3
Affiliations

Improvement Effect of Lotus Leaf Flavonoids on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

Tongji Liu et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

In this study, the effect of lotus leaf flavonoids (LLF) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice was studied. CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally to induce liver injury in Kunming mice. Mice were treated with LLF by gavage, and the mRNA expression levels in serum and liver were detected. Compared with the model group, LLF significantly reduced the liver index and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in mice with CCl4-induced liver injury. Pathological observation showed that LLF effectively reduced morphological incompleteness and hepatocyte necrosis in CCl4-treated liver tissue. The result of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that LLF significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and catalase (CAT) and down- regulated the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p < 0.05). Thus, LLF is an active ingredient that ameliorates liver injury, and it has good application prospect.

Keywords: carbon tetrachloride; liver injury; lotus leaf flavonoids; mRNA, mice.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flavonoids constituents of lotus leaves. (A) Standard chromatograms; (B) Lotus leaves flavonoids chromatograms. 1: kaempferitrin; 2: hyperoside; 3: astragalin; 4: phloridzin; 5: quercetin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) pathological observations of hepatic tissues in mice. Magnification 100×. Silymarin: mice treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg); low-dose LLF: mice treated with a low concentration of lotus leaf flavonoids (50 mg/kg); high-dose LLF: mice treated with a high concentration of lotus leaf flavonoids (100 mg/kg).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and CAT mRNA expression in liver tissues of the mice. Sample data in each group came from a normal distribution. a–e Mean values with different letters in the bar are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to Tukey’s honestly significant different test. Silymarin: mice treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg); low-dose LLF: mice treated with a low concentration of lotus leaf flavonoids (50 mg/kg); high-dose LLF: mice treated with a high concentration of lotus leaf flavonoids (100 mg/kg).
Figure 4
Figure 4
TNF-α, NF-κB, and IL-1β mRNA expression in liver tissues of the mice. Sample data in each group came from a normal distribution. a–e Mean values with different letters in the bar are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to Tukey’s honestly significant different test. Silymarin: mice treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg); low-dose LLF: mice treated with a low concentration of lotus leaf flavonoids (50 mg/kg); high-dose LLF: mice treated with a high concentration of lotus leaf flavonoids (100 mg/kg).
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