Actinide 2-metallabiphenylenes that satisfy Hückel's rule

Abstract

Aromaticity and antiaromaticity, as defined by Hückel's rule, are key ideas in organic chemistry, and are both exemplified in biphenylene^1-3-a molecule that consists of two benzene rings joined by a four-membered ring at its core. Biphenylene analogues in which one of the benzene rings has been replaced by a different (4n + 2) π-electron system have so far been associated only with organic compounds^4,5. In addition, efforts to prepare a zirconabiphenylene compound resulted in the isolation of a bis(alkyne) zirconocene complex instead⁶. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of, to our knowledge, the first 2-metallabiphenylene compounds. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that these complexes have nearly planar, 11-membered metallatricycles with metrical parameters that compare well with those reported for biphenylene. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in addition to nucleus-independent chemical shift calculations, provides evidence that these complexes contain an antiaromatic cyclobutadiene ring and an aromatic benzene ring. Furthermore, spectroscopic evidence, Kohn-Sham molecular orbital compositions and natural bond orbital calculations suggest covalency and delocalization of the uranium f² electrons with the carbon-containing ligand.