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Review
. 2020 Feb 12:13:423-434.
doi: 10.2147/IDR.S228089. eCollection 2020.

Acinetobacter baumannii Efflux Pumps and Antibiotic Resistance

Seyyed Naser Abdi  1   2 , Reza Ghotaslou  3 , Khudaverdi Ganbarov  4 , Ahmad Mobed  1 , Asghar Tanomand  5 , Mehdi Yousefi  3 , Mohammad Asgharzadeh  6 , Hossein Samadi Kafil  1
Affiliations
Review

Acinetobacter baumannii Efflux Pumps and Antibiotic Resistance

Seyyed Naser Abdi et al. Infect Drug Resist. .

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen and gram-negative coccobacillus that is responsible for opportunistic infections, pneumonia, and infections of the urinary tract, bloodstream, skin, and soft tissue. This bacterium poses a major public health problem due to inducing resistance to several drugs, isolates, multidrug treatment, and occasionally pan drugs. Drug resistance is not only a major concern caused by A. baumannii but also is considered as the main challenge in many other pathogens. Several factors such as the efflux pump are associated with antibiotic resistance, biofilm production, and genetic mutations. In this review, A. baumannii is introduced in then some of the practical works conducted on the existing efflux pump are reviewed. The importance of the efflux pump is considered in this paper in relation to the antibiotic resistance and mechanisms developed for the inhibition of these pumps as well.

Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; antibiotic resistance; biofilm; efflux pumps; transporters.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Five main MDEPs with their well-known examples and antibiotic substrates. Data from Yılmaz and Özcengiz. Abbreviations: OMP, outer membrane protein; SMR, the small multidrug resistance family; MFS, the major facilitator superfamily; ABC, ATP-binding cassette superfamily; MATE, the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family; RND, the resistance-nodulation division family.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic organization of the ade gene cluster. Data from Wieczorek et al.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structures of the main developed Efflux pump inhibitors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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